Phylogenetic relationships of some Sylviidae species based on complete mtDNA cyt b and partial COI sequence data

Introduction

Complete checklist records are essential to understand regional bird diversity and the status of its distribution. Since the 1980s, many provinces or regions in China have published their avifaunas (Tibet Expedition Team of Chinese Academy, 1983; Wu, 1986; Cai, 1988; Huang, 1989; Heilongjiang Provincial Willife Institute, 1992), which had been important and fundamental tools for Chinese ornithology as well as for Chinese wildlife conservation.

Zhejiang province is located in eastern China. Several foreign naturalists and Chinese ornithologists have made contributions to the Zhejiang bird checklist over a long period of time (Swinhoe, 1872; La Touche, 1925–1934; Wilkinson, 1929; Caldwell and Caldwell, 1931; Shaw, 1934; Zhou and Ma, 1965; Qian et al., 1983; Yu et al., 1983). In 1990, the Aves Branch of Zhejiang Fauna was published (Zhuge, 1990), which described 414 species with 28 subspecies occurring in Zhejiang. All these records and description are specimen-based. Terrestrial wildlife surveys throughout Zhejiang were carried out from 1995 to 2000, with the results reported in Zhejiang Forestry Resources (Tao, 2002), offering a bird checklist of 436 species with 28 subspecies. As well, several regional bird surveys have also reported some new records (Zhu, 2003; Chen et al., 2005; Xiong et al., 2006; Jiang et al., 2007, Fan et al., 2011). However, some of these surveys were only sight-based or evidence was not provided (See Tao, 2002; Chen et al., 2005; Jiang et al., 2007, Fan et al., 2011).

With the development of bird watching activities in Zhejiang since 2002, many new records have gradually been added, of which most remain as yet unpublished. Furthermore, during the last twenty years a new phylogeny and classification of birds, based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies, have been proposed (Sibley and Ahlquist, 1990; Monroe and Sibley, 1993). Accordingly, the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World (3^rd edition) was published in 2003 (Dickenson, 2003). Based on this new development, A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China was edited and published (Zheng, 2005, 2011), in which the taxonomy and nomenclature had changed considerably compared with that in the Aves Branch of Zhejiang Fauna. Therefore, there is an urgent and continued need for an updated Zhejiang bird list.

Our aims therefore were: 1) to confirm the practical sources of evidence for a provincial bird list, 2) to summarize all new records provided since Zhuge (1990) and 3) to revise and provide an updated Zhejiang bird checklist on the basis of this unified and updated taxonomy and nomenclature.

Methods

We updated the Zhejiang bird checklist based on the Aves Branch of Zhejiang Fauna (Zhuge, 1990), including new records, subspecies promotion and changing Latin and Chinese names.

We confirmed the sources of evidence provided for the new records to the Zhejiang bird checklist, which include specimens, photographs, videos, sounds and tissue samples. For the new records, we indicated the date of record, location and recorder. Most new photo-based records had first been posted at the bulletin board system of the Zhejiang Wildbird Society. We collected all the photos and posted them at the website of the Zhejiang Biodiversity for future checks. If the record type is of a skin specimen, we have indicated the collection holder. Some sight records, of which evidence was provided later, were referred to the original literary sources. Mere sight records, without any other evidence, were excluded. We collected and examined all published and unpublished new records from Zhejiang habitats, whose taxonomy should be acknowledged, according to Zheng (2011). Sightings should be of native birds, not birds escaped from captivity. Subspecies promotion and the changing of Latin and Chinese names were carried out according to the taxonomy and nomenclature of Zheng (2011).

In editing the checklist, we deleted those birds, which were confirmed to have vanished from wild habitats of Zhejiang. In order to provide complete information, the updated checklist also included a list of subspecies. If the characteristics of subspecies were clear in the specimens or photos from the new records, we identified them according to Cheng (1964); if not, their determination was made according to Zheng (2011).

Results

In total, 70 new species and one subspecies were documented (see Table 1). Of these, 47 species and one subspecies are first reported, 15 species were earlier reported but for the first time evidence was provided and four species were rediscovered specimens, collected before 1990. Therefore, in total, 62 species and one subspecies were documented for the first time, with evidence provided. Of these, only three birds were specimen-based; the other 59 species were all photo-based. Most of the recent photographs were taken by bird watchers. The recording frequency of new species since 1991 is shown in Fig. 1.

Figure  1.  Recording frequency of new species since 1991

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Table  1.  New species and subspecies records of Zhejiang birds since the Aves Branch of Zhejiang Fauna (Zhuge, 1990)

English name	Latin name	Record type	Date of record a	Record location	Recorder	Reference b
Bulwer's Petrel	Bulweria bulwerii	Skin specimen	About 1900	Ningbo	Unknown	SSTM (Tao, 2002)
Swinhoe's Storm Petrel	Oceanodroma monorhis	Skin specimen	19900710	Yuexi, Jingning	Yan Zhang, Lirong Zhang	JFMS (Zhang and Zhang, 1998)
Great Frigatebird	Fregata minor	Skin specimen	20040817	Jiushan Island, Xiangshan	Zhongyong Fan, Shuihua Chen, Cangsong Chen	ZMNH (Fan et al., 2011)
Graylag Goose	Anser anser	Skin specimen Photo	195801 20061119	Lanxi Xiasha, Hangzhou	Unknown Ying Zhu, Zheng Shen	SSTM (Tao, 2002)
Ruddy Shelduck	Tadorna ferruginea	Photo	20061111	Songyin River, Songyang	Gaoxing Ye
Long-tailed Duck	Clangula hyemalis	Photo	20100107	Qiantang River, Hangzhou	Xiaming Zhao
Oriental Honey Buzzard	Pernis ptilorhyncus	Photo	20041016	Nanbei Lake, Haiyan	Yongfu Zheng
Pallas's Fish Eagle	Haliaeetus leucoryphus	Skin specimen	1917	Unknown	Unknown	SSTM (Tao, 2002)
Crested Goshawk	Accipiter trivirgatus	Photo	20040207	Hangzhou Botanical Garden, Hangzhou	Bin Qian
Besra Sparrow Hawk	Accipiter virgatus	Photo	20050605	Maojiabu, Hangzhou	Ying Zhu
Black Eagle	Ictinaetus malayensis	Photo	20050305	Gutianshan, Kaihua	Yongfu Zheng	Jiang et al., 2007
Hooded Crane	Grus monacha	Photo	20110106	Linshanhaitu Reservoir, Yuyao	Wenwen Nie, Qin Huang
Greater Sand Plover	Charadrius leschenaultii	Photo	20060907	Wetland of Wenzhou Bay, Wenzhou	Hui Chen	Tao, 2002
Asian Dowitcher	Limnodromus semipalmatus	Photo	20080510	Wetland of Hangzhou Bay, Cixi	Pengyun Shan
Long-billed Reedhaunter	Limnodromus scolopaceus	Photo	20110419	Wetland of Wenzhou Bay, Wenzhou	Meijie Dai
Marsh Sanderpiper	Tringa stagnatilis	Photo	20050507	Jiaojiang Farm, Taizhou	Ying Zhu	Tao, 2002
Ruddy Turnstone	Arenaria interpres	Photo	20050515	Jiaojiang Farm, Taizhou	Yongfu Zheng	Tao, 2002
Red Knot	Calidris canutus	Photo	20090409	Wetland of Yongqiang, Wenzhou	Hui Chen
Sanderling	Calidris alba	Photo	20070805	Wetland of Longwan, Wenzhou	Zhe Cai
Temminck's Stint	Calidris temminckii	Photo	20050918	Binjiang, Hangzhou	Ying Zhu	Tao, 2002
Long-toed Stint	Calidris subminuta	Photo	20040912	Taohua River, Hangzhou	Yongfu Zheng
Broad-billed Sandpiper	Limicola falcinellus	Photo	20080507	Wetland of Hangzhou Bay, Cixi	Haihua Zhang	Tao, 2002
Ruff	Philomachus pugnax	Photo	20081012	Wetland of Hangzhou Bay, Cixi	Pengyun Shan
Red-necked Phalarope	Phalaropus lobatus	Photo	20030911	Zhenbeitu, Zhenhai	Yongfu Zheng
Red Phalarope	Phalaropus fulicarius	Photo	20120131	Lingkuandao, Wenzhou	Qingqian Chen
Lesser Black-backed Gull	Larus fuscus	Photo	20061212	Binjiang, Hangzhou	Ying Zhu, Zheng Shen, Hua Qi
Yellow-legged Gull	Larus cachinnans	Photo	20060305	Westlake, Hangzhou	Ying Zhu
Great Black-headed Gull	Larus ichthyaetus	Photo	20080307	Zhenhai Reservoir, Ningbo	Haihua Zhang
Brown-headed Gull	Larus brunnicephalus	Photo	20100525	Wuzhishan Island, Zhoushan	Qin Huang
Relict Gull	Larus relictus	Photo	20080229	Zhenhai Reservoir, Zhenhai	Haihua Zhang
Lesser Crested Tern	Thalasseus bengalensis	Photo	20110813	Wuzhishan Island, Zhoushan	Qin Huang
Chinese Crested Tern	Thalasseus bernsteini	Photo	20040801	Jiushan Island, Xiangshan	Shuihua Chen, Cangsong Chen, Fanggang Zhang
Black-naped Tern	Sterna sumatrana	Photo	20040618	Zhongjieshan Islands, Zhoushan	Shuihua Chen, Zhongyong Fan	Tao, 2002
Bridled Tern	Sterna anaethetus	Photo	20040618	Zhongjieshan Islands, Zhoushan	Shuihua Chen, Zhongyong Fan	Chen et al., 2005
Ancient Murrelet	Synthliboramphus antiquus	Skin specimen	1964	Lingkun Island, Wenzhou	Unknown	WJAM (Tao, 2002)
Lesser Coucal	Centropus bengalensis	Skin specimen	20020612	Xiaoshan, Hangzhou	Xi Zhu	Zhu, 2002
House Swift	Apus nipalensis	Photo	20060101	Westlake, Hangzhou	Ying Zhu	Tao, 2002
Ruddy Kingfisher	Halcyon coromanda	Skin specimen	200004	Huangwan, Haining	Qichang Chen	HCC
Greater Short-toed Lark	Calandrella brachydactyla	Photo	20100411	Songyin River, Songyang	Shihe Song
Asian Short-toed Lark	Calandrella cheleensis	Photo	20091122	Songyin River, Songyang	Gaoxing Ye
Sand Martin	Riparia riparia	Photo	20061022	Huangwan, Haining	Ying Zhu
Citrine Wagtail	Motacilla citreola	Photo	20100411	Weikenquof Xiaoshan, Hangzhou	Jianyue Song
Water Pipit	Anthus spinoletta	Photo	20051116	Huangwan, Haining	Yongfu Zheng
Sooty-headed Bulbul	Pycnonotus aurigaster	Photo	20111224	Wetland of Yongqiang, Wenzhou	Qin Huang, Meijie Dai, Qingliang Wang
Black-collared Starling	Gracupica nigricollis	Photo	20030406	Huagangguanyu Park, Hangzhou	Yongfu Zheng
Japanese Robin	Erithacus akahige	Photo	20070329	Hangzhou Botanical Garden, Hangzhou	Xuefeng Tong
White-browed Thrush	Turdus obscurus	Photo	20030427	Gushan, Hangzhou	Yongfu Zheng
Brown-headed Thrush	Turdus chrysolaus	Photo	20100419	Luqiao, Taizhou	Qingqian Chen
Red-throated Thrush	Turdus ruficollis	Photo	20060312	Liulangwengying Park, Hangzhou	Ying Zhu, Hua Qi, Yongfu Zheng
Narcissus Flycatcher c	Ficedula narcissina owstoni	Photo	20100419	Huangyan, Taizhou	Qingqian Chen
Red-breasted Flycatcher	Ficedula parva	Photo	20081104	Wetland of Yongqiang, Wenzhou	Zhe Cai
Small Niltava	Niltava macgrigoriae	Skin specimen	20040713	Fengyangshan, Longquan	Shuihua Chen, Zhongyong Fan, Cangsong Chen et al.	ZMNH (Jiang et al., 2007)
White-browed Shrike-Babbler	Pteruthius flaviscapis	Photo	20081002	Shenlong gu, Suichang	Jianyue Song
Black-chinned Yuhina	Yuhina nigrimenta	Skin specimen	20070513	Baima Shan, Suichang	Yongfu Zheng	Jiang et al., 2007
White-bellied Yuhina	Erpornis zantholeuca	Photo	20120205	Shenlonggu, Suichang	Yonghua Chen
Spot-breasted Parrotbill	Paradoxornis guttaticollis	Photo	20071124	Daochang Ping, Linan	Dongjiang Zhao	Tao, 2002
Short-tailed Parrotbill	Paradoxornis davidianus	Photo	20080301	Siming Shan, Ningbo	Chao Li, Haihua Zhang
Brown Bush Warbler	Bradypterus luteoventris	Photo	20080622	Wangdongyang, Jingning	Liming Chen	Tao, 2002
Middendorff's Warbler	Locustella ochotensis	Photo	20110528	North Lake of Yuhang, Hangzhou	Jianyue Song
Pleske's Warbler	Locustella pleskei	Photo	20051006	Binjiang, Hangzhou	Xuefeng Tong
Buff-throated Warbler	Phylloscopus subaffinis	Photo	20120605	Kuocangshan, Linhai	Qingqian Chen
Two-barred Warbler	Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus	Photo	20050518	Quyuanfenghe Park, Hangzhou	Bin Qian
Sakhalin Leaf Warbler	Phylloscopus borealoides	Sound	20053004	Dayangshan Dao, Shengsi	Lihu Xiong, Jianjian Lu et al.	Xiong et al., 2005
White-spectacled Warbler	Seicercus affinis	Photo	20060626	Wangdongyang, Jingning	Shuihua Chen
Marsh Grassbird	Megalurus pryeri	Photo	20080413	Wetland Of Hangzhou Bay, Cixi	Chao Li, Haihua Zhang
Chestnut-flanked White-eye	Zosterops erythropleurus	Photo	20101010	Dapeng Shan, Cixi	Qingqian Chen
Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch	Sitta castanea	Skin specimen	19630319	Tianmu Shan, Linan	Unknown	ECNUC
Common Rosefinch	Carpodacus erythrinus	Photo	20080706	Baima Shan, Suichang	Yongfu Zheng
Black-headed Bunting	Emberiza melanocephala	Photo	20101004	Hangzhouhuapu Park, Hangzhou	Ying Zhu
Yellow Bunting	Emberiza sulphurata	Photo	20050421	Dayangshan Dao, Shengsi	Lihu Xiong, Jianjian Lu et al.	Xiong et al., 2005
Pallas's Bunting	Emberiza pallasi	Photo	20051223	Binjiang East Rd, Wenzhou	Hui Chen
a 20030617 means June 17, 2003; 195801 means January 1958. b All photos are preserved at the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History and posted at the website of Zhejiang Biodiversity (http://www.zjbiodiv.cn/tuku.php); SSTM is the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, JFMS is the Jingning First Middle School Collection, ZMNH is the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, WJAM is the Wenzhou Jinzhou Animal Museum, HCC is the Haiyan Chenqichang Collection and ECNUC is the East China Normal University Collection. c New subspecies.

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According to Zheng (2011), two subspecies were promoted as species, 131 species and subspecies were given new Latin names and 41 were provided with new Chinese names (see Appendix 1). As a result, we provide the updated Zhejiang bird list as an appendix, where a total of 483 species and 24 subspecies are listed. Compared to the Aves Branch of Zhejiang Fauna (Zhuge, 1990), 70 new bird records are added as well as two birds promoted to species from subspecies. However, two species, the Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) and the Dusky Eagle Owl (Bubo coromandus) are confirmed to have vanished and were therefore deleted. Three subspecies, including that of the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) and the Pale Thrush (Turdus pallidus) were canceled, according to Zheng (2011). The Red Phalarope was once listed in the Aves Branch of Zhejiang Fauna (Zhuge, 1990), but we checked the original specimens on which the record was based and found that the specimen was misidentified; thus the first record of the Red Phalarope is now dated as of 31 January, 2012 at Lingkuandao, Wenzhou (Table 1).

Discussion

The results show that the new records added are actually from 2000 and later, with most dated from the period 2004-2009, when birdwatching by amateurs became a popular and rapidly increasing activity in Zhejiang. The evidence consists mostly of photographs taken by birdwatchers. Decades ago, regional avifauna generally was based on skin specimens, mostly collected by ornithologists. But in recent years, the situation has become quite different. The number of expeditions, specially organized for collecting birds throughout China, has decreased while birdwatching and digital photography have rapidly developed. Thus, birdwatchers have become major contributors to the new records and local avifauna.

The incidence of new records generally resulted from two major causes: one is the change in the range of birds while the other consists of increased survey efforts. Some species have significantly extended their range. These include the Crested Goshawk (Accipiter trivirgatus), the Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis), the Lesser Coucal (Centropus bengalensis) and the Black-collared Starling (Gracupica nigricollis), etc. Their original ranges were towards the south or in the deep south of Zhejiang (MacKinnon et al., 2000; Zheng 2005), but they are now widely distributed in the province. The Zhejiang Wild Bird Society, founded in 2002, now has more than 300 members whose frequent bird watching activities dramatically increased the survey efforts throughout Zhejiang, especially in coastal areas which were originally overlooked. Thus migrant waders and seabirds have become a major part of the new records. On the other hand, due to the increasing survey efforts, the records show the occurrence of some rare species. These rare residents include such species as the White-browed Shrike-Babbler (Pteruthius flaviscapis), the Spot-breasted Parrotbill (Paradoxornis guttaticollis), the Short-tailed Parrotbill (Paradoxornis davidianus) and the Brown Bush Warbler (Bradypterus luteoventris). Among the rare wintering birds, the Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea), the Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis), the Great Black-headed Gull (Larus ichthyaetus) and the Relict Gull (Larus relictus) were discovered, as well as some vagrants, such as the Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor), the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha), the Brown-headed Gull (Larus brunnicephalus) and the Lesser Crested Tern (Thalasseus bengalensis).

On the subject of renaming species, it should be noted that most of these were relatively simple, according to Zheng (2011), although a few were more complicated because of the change in the status of their classification. Due to the promotion of the subspecies, the Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis crispus) is now the Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus), the Rosy Minivet (Pericrocotus roseus contonensis) is now Swinhoe's Minivet (Pericrocotus cantonensis) and the Water Pipit (Anthus spinoletta japonicus) is now the Buff-billed Pipit (Anthus rubescens japonicus). The Water Pipit (Anthus spinoletta) in Zheng (2011) actually is a new record for Zhejiang. According to Zheng (2011), the original Oriental Cuckoo (Cuculus saturatus) is now divided into the Oriental Cuckoo (Cuculus optatus) and the Himalayan Cuckoo (Cuculus saturatus). We identified that in Zhuge (1990) as the Himalayan Cuckoo. As for the Spot-billed Pelican, the Rosy Minivet and the Oriental Cuckoo, Zhejiang might be within their ranges, but we did not include them in the Zhejiang bird list this time because of a lack of evidence.

We suggest that the records for provincial level fauna should be based on evidence that can be confirmed, such as specimens, photographs, videos, sounds and tissue samples. This evidence should be well preserved, preferably at state-owned museums. As well, photo-based and private-collection-based records should be posted at a publicly accessable website, otherwise they will most likely give rise to much difficulty in reconfirmation.

Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31071908) and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.Y5090070). We are grateful to all the recorders mentioned in Table 1 for contributing their new records and photos.

Appendix 1

Updated bird checklist of Zhejiang Province

Order	Chinese name	English name	Latin name a	Original Latin name
a If a species has a subspecies, the subspecies name(s) is listed; an * indicates that the subspecies is identified by its features in the specimens or from photographs. b Subspecies were promoted as species.
Ⅰ. Gaviformes
1	红喉潜鸟	Red-throated Diver	Gavia stellata	Gavia stellata stellata
2	黑喉潜鸟	Black-throated Diver	Gavia arctica viridigularis
Ⅱ. Podicipediformes
3	小	Little Grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis poggei	Podiceps ruficollis
4	凤头	Great Crested Grebe	Podiceps cristatus cristatus
5	角	Horned Grebe	Podiceps auritus auritus	Podiceps auritus
6	黑颈	Black-necked Grebe	Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis	Podiceps caspicus caspicus
Ⅲ. Procellariformes
7	黑脚信天翁	Laysan Albatross	Diomedea nigripes
8	褐燕鹱	Bulwer's Petrel	Bulweria bulwerii
9	白额鹱	Streaked Shearwater	Calonectris leucomelas
10	短尾鹱	Short-tailed Shearwater	Puffinus tenuirostris
11	黑叉尾海燕	Swinhoe's Storm Petrel	Oceanodroma monorhis
Ⅳ. Pelecaniformes
12	卷羽鹈鹕	Dalmatian Pelican	Pelecanus crispus	Pelecanus philippensis crispus
13	褐鲣鸟	Brown Booby	Sula leucogaster plotus
14	普通鸬鹚	Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis
15	绿背鸬鹚	Japanese Cormorant	Phalacrocorax capillatus	Phalacrocorax filamentosus
16	黑腹军舰鸟	Great Frigatebrid	Fregata minor minor
Ⅴ. Ciconiformes
17	苍鹭	Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea cinerea	Ardea cinerea rectirostris
18	草鹭	Purple Heron	Ardea purpurea manilensis
19	大白鹭	Great Egret	Egretta alba modesta	Egretta alba modestus
20	中白鹭	Intermediate Egret	Egretta intermedia intermedia
21	白鹭	Little Egret	Egretta garzetta garzetta
22	黄嘴白鹭	Chinese Egret	Egretta eulophotes
23	岩鹭	Pacific Reef Egret	Egretta sacra sacra
24	牛背鹭	Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis coromandus
25	池鹭	Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus
26	绿鹭	Striated Heron	Butorides striatus amurensis - B. s. actophila	Butorides striatus amrensis - B. s. connectens
27	夜鹭	Black-crowned Night Heron	Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax
28	海南鳽	White-eared Night Heron	Gorsachius magnificus
29	栗头鳽	Japanese Night Heron	Gorsachius goisagi
30	黄斑苇鳽	Yellow Bittern	Ixobrychus sinensis	Ixobrychus sinensis sinensis
31	紫背苇鳽	Schrenck's Bittern	Ixobrychus eurhythmus
32	栗苇鳽	Cinnamon Bittern	Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
33	黑苇鳽	Black Bittern	Dupetor flavicollis flavicollis
34	大麻鳽	Eurasian Bittern	Botaurus stellaris stellaris
35	黑鹳	Black Stork	Ciconia nigra
36	东方白鹳	Oriental White Stork	Ciconia boyciana	Ciconia ciconia boyciana
37	黑头白鹮	Black-headed Ibis	Threskiornis melanocephalus	Threskiornis aethiopicus melanocephalus
38	彩鹮	Glossy Ibis	Plegadis falcinellus	Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus
39	白琵鹭	White Spoonbill	Platalea leucorodia leucorodia
40	黑脸琵鹭	Black-faced Spoonbill	Platalea minor
Ⅵ. Anseriformes
41	疣鼻天鹅	Mute Swan	Cygnus olor
42	小天鹅	Tundra Swan	Cygnus columbianus bewickii
43	鸿雁	Swan Goose	Anser cygnoides
44	豆雁	Bean Goose	Anser fabalis serrirostris
45	白额雁	White-Fronted Goose	Anser albifrons frontalis	Anser albifrons albifrons
46	小白额雁	Lesser White-fronted Goose	Anser erythropus
47	灰雁	Graylag Goose	Anser anser rubrirostris
48	赤麻鸭	Ruddy Shelduck	Tadorna ferruginea
49	翘鼻麻鸭	Common Shelduck	Tadorna tadorna
50	棉凫	Cotton Pygmy Goose	Nettapus coromandelianus coromandelianus
51	鸳鸯	Mandarin Duck	Aix galericulata
52	赤颈鸭	Eurasian Wigeon	Anas penelope
53	罗纹鸭	Falcated Duck	Anas falcata
54	赤膀鸭	Gadwall	Anas strepera strepera
55	花脸鸭	Baikal Teal	Anas formosa
56	绿翅鸭	Green-winged Teal	Anas crecca crecca
57	绿头鸭	Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos
58	斑嘴鸭	Spot-billed Duck	Anas poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha
59	针尾鸭	Northern Pintail	Anas acuta	Anas acuta acuta
60	白眉鸭	Garganey	Anas querquedula
61	琵嘴鸭	Northern Shoveler	Anas clypeata
62	红头潜鸭	Common Pochard	Aythya ferina
63	青头潜鸭	Marbled Teal	Aythya baeri
64	白眼潜鸭	Ferruginous Duck	Aythya nyroca
65	凤头潜鸭	Tufted Duck	Aythya fuligula
66	斑背潜鸭	Greater Scaup	Aythya marila nearctica	Aythya marila
67	长尾鸭	Long-tailed Duck	Clangula hyemalis
68	斑脸海番鸭	Velvet Scoter	Melanitta fusca stejnegeri
69	鹊鸭	Common Goldeneye	Bucephala clangula clangula	Bucephala clangula
70	斑头秋沙鸭	Smew	Mergellus albellus
71	红胸秋沙鸭	Red-breasted Merganser	Mergus serrator
72	普通秋沙鸭	Common Merganser	Mergus merganser merganser
73	中华秋沙鸭	Scaly-sided Merganser	Mergus squamatus
Ⅶ. Falconiformes
74	鹗	Osprey	Pandion haliaetus	Pandion haliaetus haliaetus - P. h. mutuus
75	黑冠鹃隼	Black Baza	Aviceda leuphotes syama
76	凤头蜂鹰	Oriental Honey Buzzard	Pernis ptilorhynchus orientalis
77	黑翅鸢	Black-winged Kite	Elanus caeruleus vociferus
78	黑鸢	Black Kite	Milvus migrans lineatus	Milvus korschun lineatus
79	栗鸢	Brahminy Kite	Haliastur indus indus
80	玉带海雕	Pallas's Fish Eagle	Haliaeetus leucoryphus
81	白尾海雕	White-tailed Sea Eagle	Haliaeetus albicilla albicilla
82	秃鹫	Cinereous Vulture	Aegypius monachus
83	蛇雕	Crested Serpent Eagle	Spilornis cheela ricketti
84	白腹鹞	Eastern Marsh Harrier	Circus spilonotus spilonotus	Circus aeruginosus spilonotus
85	白尾鹞	Hen Harrier	Circus cyaneus cyaneus
86	鹊鹞	Pied Harrier	Circus melanoleucos
87	凤头鹰	Crested Goshawk	Accipiter trivirgatus indicus*
88	赤腹鹰	Chinese Goshawk	Accipiter soloensis
89	日本松雀鹰	Japanese Sparrow Hawk	Accipiter gularis gularis	Accipiter virgatus gularis
90	松雀鹰	Besra Sparrow Hawk	Accipiter virgatus affinis
91	雀鹰	Eurasian Sparrow Hawk	Accipiter nisus nisosimilis
92	苍鹰	Northern Goshawk	Accipiter gentilis schvedowi
93	灰脸鵟鹰	Grey-faced Buzzard	Butastur indicus
94	普通鵟	Common Buzzard	Buteo buteo japonicus	Buteo buteo burmanicus
95	大鵟	Long-legged Hawk	Buteo hemilasius
96	毛脚鵟	Rough-legged Hawk	Buteo lagopus kamtschatkensis	Buteo lagopus menzbieri
97	林雕	Black Eagle	Ictinaetus malayensis malayensis
98	乌雕	Greater Spotted Eagle	Aquila clanga
99	草原雕	Steppe Eagle	Aquila nipalensis nipalensis	Aquila rapax nipalensis
100	白肩雕	Imperial Eagle	Aquila heliaca	Aquila heliaca heliaca
101	金雕	Golden Eagle	Aquila chrysaetos daphanea
102	白腹隼雕	Bonelli's Eagle	Hieraaetus fasciatus fasciatus	Hieraaetus fasciata fasciata
103	靴隼雕	Booted Eagle	Hieraaetus pennatus	Aquila pennata milvoides
104	鹰雕	Moutain Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus nipalensis nipalensis	Spizaetus nipalensis fokiensis
105	白腿小隼	Pied Falconet	Microhierax melanoleucus	Microhierax melanoleucos
106	红隼	Common Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus interstinctus - F. t. tinnunculus	Falco tinnunculus interstinctus - F. t. saturatus
107	红脚隼	Amur Falcon	Falco amurensis	Falco vespertinus amurensis
108	灰背隼	Merlin	Falco columbarius insignis
109	燕隼	Eurasian Hobby	Falco subbuteo streichi
110	猎隼	Saker Falcon	Falco cherrug milvipes
111	游隼	Peregrine Falcon	Falco peregrines calidus - F. p. japonensis - F. p. peregrinator
Ⅷ. Galliformes
112	中华鹧鸪	Chinese Francolin	Francolinus pintadeanus pintadeanus	Francolinus pintadeanus
113	日本鹌鹑	Japanese Quail	Coturnix japonica	Coturnix coturnix japonica
114	白眉山鹧鸪	White-necklaced Partridge	Arborophila gingica
115	灰胸竹鸡	Chinese Bamboo Partridge	Bambusicola thoracicus thoracicus	Bambusicola thoracica thoracica
116	黄腹角雉	Cabot's Tragopan	Tragopan caboti caboti	Tragopan caboti
117	勺鸡	Koklass Pheasant	Pucrasia macrolopha darwini
118	白鹇	Silver Pheasant	Lophura nycthemera fokiensis
119	白颈长尾雉	Elliot's Pheasant	Syrmaticus ellioti
120	环颈雉	Ring-necked Pheasant	Phasianus colchicus torquatus
Ⅸ. Gruiformes
121	黄脚三趾鹑	Yellow-legged Buttonquail	Turnix tanki blanfordii
122	白鹤	Siberian Crane	Grus leucogeranus
123	白枕鹤	White-naped Crane	Grus vipio
124	灰鹤	Common Crane	Grus grus lilfordi
125	白头鹤	Hodded Crane	Grus monacha
126	灰胸秧鸡	Slaty-breasted Banded Rail	Gallirallus striatus jouyi	Gallirallus striatus gularis
127	普通秧鸡	Water Rail	Rallus aquaticus indicus
128	红脚苦恶鸟	Brown Crake	Amaurornis akool coccineipes
129	白胸苦恶鸟	White-breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus phoenicurus	Amaurornis phoenicurus chinensis
130	小田鸡	Baillon's Crake	Porzana pusilla pusilla
131	红胸田鸡	Ruddy-breasted Crake	Porzana fusca erythrothorax
132	董鸡	Watercock	Gallicrex cinerea	Gallicrex cinerea cinerea
133	黑水鸡	Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus chloropus	Gallinula chloropus indica
134	白骨顶	Common Coot	Fulica atra atra
Ⅺ. Charadriiformes
135	水雉	Pheasant-tailed Jacana	Hydrophasianus chirurgus
136	彩鹬	Greater Painted Snipe	Rostratula benghalensis benghalensis
137	蛎鹬	Eurasian Oystercatcher	Haematopus ostralegus osculans
138	黑翅长脚鹬	Black-winged Stilt	Himantopus himantopus himantopus
139	反嘴鹬	Pied Avocet	Recurvirostra avosetta
140	普通燕鸻	Orental Pratincole	Glareola maldivarum
141	凤头麦鸡	Northern Lapwing	Vanellus vanellus
142	灰头麦鸡	Grey-headed Lapwing	Vanellus cinereus
143	金鸻	Pacific Golden Plover	Pluvialis fulva	Pluvialis dominica fulva
144	灰鸻	Grey Plover	Pluvialis squatarola squatarola	Pluvialis squatarola
145	长嘴剑鸻	Long-billed Ringed Plover	Charadrius placidus	Charadrius hiaticula placidus
146	金眶鸻	Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius curonicus
147	环颈鸻	Kentish Plover	Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus	Charadrius alexandrines nihonensis
148	蒙古沙鸻	Lesser Sand Plover	Charadrius mongolus mongolus
149	铁嘴沙鸻	Greater Sand Plover	Charadrius leschenaultii leschenaultii
150	东方鸻	Oriental Plover	Charadrius veredus	Charadrius asiaticus veredus
151	丘鹬	Eurasian Woodcock	Scolopax rusticola	Scolopax rusticola rusticola
152	针尾沙锥	Pintail Snipe	Gallinago stenura
153	大沙锥	Swinhoe's Snipe	Gallinago megala
154	扇尾沙锥	Common Snipe	Gallinago gallinago gallinago
155	半蹼鹬	Asian Dowitcher	Limnodromus semipalmatus
156	长嘴半蹼鹬	Long-billed Reedhaunter	Limnodromus scolopaceus
157	黑尾塍鹬	Black-tailed Godwit	Limosa limosa melanuroides
158	斑尾塍鹬	Bar-tailed Godwit	Limosa lapponica baueri	Limosa lapponica novaezealandiae
159	小杓鹬	Little Curlew	Numenius minutus	Numenius borealis minutus
160	中杓鹬	Whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus variegatus
161	白腰杓鹬	Eurasian Curlew	Numenius arquata orientalis
162	大杓鹬	Far Eastern Curlew	Numenius madagascariensis
163	鹤鹬	Spotted Redshank	Tringa erythropus
164	红脚鹬	Common Redshank	Tringa totanus terrignotae	Tringa tetanus totanus
165	泽鹬	Marsh Sanderpiper	Tringa stagnatilis
166	青脚鹬	Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia
167	小青脚鹬	Nordamann's Greenshank	Tringa guttifer
168	白腰草鹬	Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus
169	林鹬	Wood Sandpiper	Tringa glareola
170	翘嘴鹬	Terek Sandpiper	Xenus cinereus
171	矶鹬	Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	Tirnga hypoleucos
172	灰尾漂鹬	Grey-tailed Tattler	Heteroscelus brevipes	Tringa incana brevipes
173	翻石鹬	Ruddy Turnstone	Arenaria interpres interpres
174	大滨鹬	Great Kont	Calidris tenuirostris
175	红腹滨鹬	Red Kont	Calidris canutus rogersi
176	三趾滨鹬	Sanderling	Calidris alba rubida
177	红颈滨鹬	Red-necked Stint	Calidris ruficollis
178	青脚滨鹬	Temminck's Stint	Calidris temminckii
179	长趾滨鹬	Long-toed Stint	Calidris subminuta
180	尖尾滨鹬	Sharp-tailed Sandpiper	Calidris acuminata	Calidris acuminatus
181	弯嘴滨鹬	Curlew Sandpiper	Calidris ferruginea	Calidris ferrugineus
182	黑腹滨鹬	Dunlin	Calidris alpina sakhalina
183	勺嘴鹬	Spoon-billed Sandpiper	Eurynorhynchus pygmeus
184	阔嘴鹬	Broad-billed Sandpiper	Limicola falcinellus sibirica
185	流苏鹬	Ruff	Philomachus pugnax
186	红颈瓣蹼鹬	Red-necked Phalarope	Phalaropus lobatus
187	灰瓣蹼鹬	Red Phalarope	Phalaropus fulicarius
188	中贼鸥	Pomarine Skua	Stercorarius pomarinus
189	黑尾鸥	Black-tailed Gull	Larus crassirostris
190	普通海鸥	Mew Gull	Larus canus kamtschatschensis
191	西伯利亚银鸥	Siberian Gull	Larus vegae	Larus argentatus vegar
192	小黑背银鸥	Lesser Black-backed Gull	Larus fuscus heuglini*
193	黄腿银鸥	Yellow-legged Gull	Larus cachinnans cachinnans*
194	灰背鸥	Slaty-backed Gull	Larus schistisagus
195	渔鸥	Great Black-headed Gull	Larus ichthyaetus
196	棕头鸥	Brown-headed Gull	Larus brunnicephalus
197	红嘴鸥	Black-headed Gull	Larus ridibundus
198	黑嘴鸥	Saunders's Gull	Larus saundersi
199	遗鸥	Relict Gull	Larus relictus
200	三趾鸥	Black-legged Kittiwake	Rissa tridactyla pollocaris
201	鸥嘴噪鸥	Gull-billed Tern	Gelochelidon nilotica affinis
202	红嘴巨燕鸥	Caspian Tern	Hydroprogne caspia	Hydroprogne tschegrava tschegrava
203	小凤头燕鸥	Lesser Crested Tern	Thalasseus bengalensis bengalensis
204	中华凤头燕鸥	Chinese Crested Tern	Thalasseus bernsteini
205	大凤头燕鸥	Greater Crested Tern	Thalasseus bergii cristatus
206	粉红燕鸥	Roseate Tern	Sterna dougallii bangsi
207	黑枕燕鸥	Black-naped Tern	Sterna sumatrana sumatrana
208	普通燕鸥	Common Tern	Sterna hirundo longipennis
209	白额燕鸥	Little Tern	Sterna albifrons sinensis
210	褐翅燕鸥	Bridled Tern	Sterna anaethetus anaethetus
211	灰翅浮鸥	Whiskered Tern	Chlidonias hybridus hybridus	Chlidonias hybrid swinhoei
212	白翅浮鸥	White-winged Tern	Chlidonias leucoptera
213	白顶玄燕鸥	Brown Noddy	Anous stolidus pileatus
214	扁嘴海雀	Ancient Murrelte	Synthliboramphus antiquus antiquus
Ⅻ. Columbiformes
215	山斑鸠	Oriental Turtle Dove	Streptopelia orientalis orientalis
216	灰斑鸠	Eurasian Collared Dove	Streptopelia decaocto xanthcyclus
217	火斑鸠	Red Turtle Dove	Streptopelia tranquebarica humilis	Oenopopelia tranquebarica humilis
218	珠颈斑鸠	Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis chinensis
219	红翅绿鸠	White-bellied Green Pigeon	Treron sieboldii sororius
ⅩⅢ. Cuculiformes
220	红翅凤头鹃	Chestnut-winged Cuckoo	Clamator coromandus
221	大鹰鹃	Large Hawk-cuckoo	Cuculus sparverioides sparverioides
222	棕腹杜鹃	Hodgson's Hawk-cuckoo	Cuculus nisicolor	Cuculus fugax nicicolor
223	四声杜鹃	Indian Cuckoo	Cuculus micropterus micropterus
224	大杜鹃	Common Cuckoo	Cuculus canorus bakeri	Cuculus canorus fallax
225	中杜鹃	Himalayan Cuckoo	Cuculus saturatus saturatus
226	小杜鹃	Lesser Cuckoo	Cuculus poliocephalus	Cuculus poliocephalus poliocephalus
227	八声杜鹃	Plaintive Cuckoo	Cacomantis merulinus querulus
228	乌鹃	Asian Drongo Cuckoo	Surniculus lugubris dicruroides
229	噪鹃	Common Koel	Eudynamys scolopacea chinensis
230	褐翅鸦鹃	Greater Coucal	Centropus sinensis sinensis
231	小鸦鹃	Lesser Coucal	Centropus bengalensis lignator
ⅩⅣ. Strigiformes
232	东方草鸮	Eastern Grass Owl	Tyto longimembris chinensis	Tyto capensis chinensis
233	领角鸮	Collared Scops Owl	Otus lettia erythrocampe	Otus bakkamoena erythrocampe
234	红角鸮	Oriental Scops Owl	Otus sunia japonensis - O. s. malayanus - O. s. stictonotus	Otus scops japonicas - O. s. malayanus - O. s. stictonotus
235	雕鸮	Eurasian Eagle-owl	Bubo bubo kiautschensis
236	黄腿渔鸮	Tawny Fish Owl	Ketupa flavipes
237	褐林鸮	Brown Wood Owl	Strix leptogrammica ticehursti
238	领鸺鹠	Collared Owlet	Glaucidium brodiei brodiei
239	斑头鸺鹠	Asian Barred Owlet	Glaucidium cuculoides whitelyi
240	鹰鸮	Brown Hawk-Owl	Ninox scutulata burmanica
241	日本鹰鸮	Northern Boobook	Ninox japonica japonica	Ninox scutulata ussuriensis b
242	长耳鸮	Long-eared Owl	Asio otus otus
243	短耳鸮	Short-eared Owl	Asio flammeus flammeus
ⅩⅤ. Caprimulgiformes
244	普通夜鹰	Indian Jungle Nightjar	Caprimulgus indicus jotaka
ⅩⅥ. Apodiformes
245	白喉针尾雨燕	White-throated Needletail	Hirundapus caudacutus caudacutus
246	白腰雨燕	Fork-tailed Swift	Apus pacificus kanoi
247	小白腰雨燕	House Swift	Apus nipalensis subfurcatus
ⅩⅦ. Coraciiformes
248	普通翠鸟	Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis bengalensis
249	赤翡翠	Ruddy Kingfisher	Halcyon coromanda major*
250	白胸翡翠	White-throated Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis fokiensis	Halcyon smyrnensis perpulchra
251	蓝翡翠	Black-capped Kingfisher	Halcyon pileata
252	冠鱼狗	Crested Kingfisher	Megaceryle lugubris guttulata	Caryle lugubris guttulata
253	斑鱼狗	Lesser Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle rudis insignis
254	蓝喉蜂虎	Blue-throated Bee-eater	Merops viridis viridis
255	三宝鸟	Dollarbird	Eurystomus orientalis calonyx
ⅩⅧ. Upupiformes
256	戴胜	Eurasian Hoopoe	Upupa epops epops	Upupa epops saturata
ⅩⅨ. Piciformes
257	大拟啄木鸟	Great Barbet	Megalaima virens virens
258	蚁	Eurasian Wryneck	Jynx torquilla chinensis
259	斑姬啄木鸟	Speckled Piculet	Picumnus innominatus chinensis
260	星头啄木鸟	Grey-capeed Woodpecker	Picoides canicapillus scintilliceps - P. c. nagamichii	Dendrocopos canicapillus scinitilliceps - D. c. nagamichii
261	大斑啄木鸟	Great Spotted Woodpecker	Picoides major mandarinus	Dendrocopos major mandarinus
262	灰头绿啄木鸟	Grey-headed Woodpecker	Picus canus guerini - P. c. sobrinus
263	黄嘴栗啄木鸟	Bay Woodpecker	Blythipicus pyrrhotis sinensis
ⅩⅩ. Passeriformes
264	仙八色鸫	Fairy Pitta	Pitta nympha nympha	Pitta brachyura nympha
265	大短趾百灵	Greater Short-toed Lark	Calandrella brachydactyla dukhunensis
266	短趾百灵	Hume's Short-toed Lark	Calandrella cheleensis cheleensis
267	云雀	Eurasian Skylark	Alauda arvensis intermedia
268	小云雀	Oriental Skylark	Alauda gulgula coelivox
269	崖沙燕	Sand Martin	Riparia riparia ijimae*
270	淡色崖沙燕	Pale Sand Martin	Riparia diluta fokienensis	Riparia riparia fokienensis
271	家燕	Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica gutturalis
272	金腰燕	Red-rumped Swallow	Hirundo daurica japonica	Hirundo daurica japonica
273	烟腹毛脚燕	Asian House Martin	Delichon dasypus nigrimentalis	Delichon urbica nigrimentalis
274	山鹡鸰	Forest Wagtail	Dendronanthus indicus
275	白鹡鸰	White Wagtail	Motacilla alba ocularis - M. a. leucopsis - M. a. lugens
276	黄头鹡鸰	Citrine Wagtail	Motacilla citreola citreola*
277	黄鹡鸰	Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava macronyx - M. f. simillima - M. f. taivana
278	灰鹡鸰	Gray Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea robusta
279	田鹨	Richard's Pipit	Anthus richardi sinensis	Anthus novaesslandiae sinensis
280	树鹨	Olive-backed Pipit	Anthus hodgsoni yunnanensis - A. h. hodgsoni
281	北鹨	Pechora Pipit	Anthus gustavi gustavi
282	红喉鹨	Red-throated Pipit	Anthus cervinus
283	水鹨	Water Pipit	Anthus spinoletta coutellii
284	黄腹鹨	Buff-bellied Pipit	Anthus rubescens japonicus	Anthus spinoletta japonicus
285	山鹨	Upland Pipit	Anthus sylvanus
286	暗灰鹃鵙	Black-winged Cuckoo-shrike	Coracina melaschistos intermedia
287	小灰山椒鸟	Swinhoe's Minivet	Pericrocotus cantonensis	Pericrocotus roseus contonensis
288	灰山椒鸟	Ashy Minivet	Pericrocotus divaricatus divaricatus
289	赤红山椒鸟	Scarlet Minivet	Pericrocotus flammeus fohkiensis
290	灰喉山椒鸟	Grey-chinned Minivet	Pericrocotus solaris griseigularis
291	领雀嘴鹎	Collared Finchbill	Spizixos semitorques semitorques
292	黄臀鹎	Brown-breasted Bulbul	Pycnonotus xanthorrhous andersoni
293	白头鹎	Light-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis sinensis
294	白喉红臀鹎	Sooty-headed Bulbul	Pycnonotus aurigaster
295	栗耳短脚鹎	Brown-eared Bulbul	Ixos amaurotis amaurotis	Hypsipetes amaurotis hensoni
296	栗背短脚鹎	Chestnut Bulbul	Hemixos castanonotus canipennis	Hypsipetes flavala canipennis
297	绿翅短脚鹎	Mountain Bulbul	Hypsipetes mcclellandii holtii
298	黑短脚鹎	Black Bulbul	Hypsipetes leucocephalus leucocephalus	Hypsipetes madagascariensis leucocephalus
299	橙腹叶鹎	Orange-bellied Leafbird	Chloropsis hardwickii melliana	Chloropsis hadrwickei melliana
300	太平鸟	Bohenmian Waxwing	Bombycilla garrulus centralasiae
301	小太平鸟	Japanese Waxwing	Bombycilla japonica
302	虎纹伯劳	Tiger Shrike	Lanius tigrinus
303	牛头伯劳	Bull-headed Shrike	Lanius bucephalus bucephalus
304	红尾伯劳	Brown Shrike	Lanius cristatus lucionensis - L. c. superciliosus
305	棕背伯劳	Long-tailed Shrike	Lanius schach schach
306	楔尾伯劳	Chinese Gray Shrike	Lanius sphenocercus sphenocercus
307	黑枕黄鹂	Black-naped Oriole	Oriolus chinensis diffuses	Oriolus chinensis diffusus
308	黑卷尾	Black Drogno	Dicrurus macrocercus cathoecus
309	灰卷尾	Ashy Drogno	Dicrurus leucophaeus leucogenis
310	发冠卷尾	Hair-crested Drogno	Dicrurus hottentottus brevirostris
311	八哥	Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus cristatellus
312	黑领椋鸟	Blcak-collared Starling	Gracupica nigricollis
313	北椋鸟	Daurian Starling	Sturnia sturnina	Sturnus sturnina
314	紫背椋鸟	Chestnut-cheeked Starling	Sturnia philippensis	Sturnus philippensis
315	灰背椋鸟	White-shouldered Starling	Sturnia sinensis	Sturnus sinensis
316	丝光椋鸟	Silky Starling	Sturnus sericeus
317	灰椋鸟	White-cheeked Starling	Sturnus cineraceus
318	紫翅椋鸟	Common Starling	Sturnus vulgaris poltaratskyi
319	松鸦	Eurasian Jay	Garrulus glandarius sinensis
320	灰喜鹊	Azure-winged Magpie	Cyanopica cyana swinhoei	Cyanpica cyana swinhoei
321	红嘴蓝鹊	Red-billed Blue Magpie	Urocissa erythrorhyncha erythrorhyncha	Cissa erythrorhyncha erythrorhyncha
322	灰树鹊	Gray Treepie	Dendrocitta formosae sinica	Crypsirina formosae sinica
323	喜鹊	Common Magpie	Pica pica sericea
324	达乌里寒鸦	Daurian Magpie	Corvus dauuricus	Corvus monedula dauuricus
325	秃鼻乌鸦	Rook	Corvus frugilegus pastinator
326	小嘴乌鸦	Carrion Crow	Corvus corone orientalis
327	大嘴乌鸦	Large-billed Crow	Corvus macrorhynchos colonorum	Corvus macrorhynchus colonorum
328	白颈鸦	Collared Crow	Corvus pectoralis	Corvus torquatus
329	褐河乌	Common Raven	Cinclus pallasii pallasii
330	鹪鹩	Eurasian Wren	Troglodytes troglodytes idius
331	日本歌鸲	Japanese Robin	Erithacus akahige akahige*
332	红尾歌鸲	Rufous-tailed Robin	Luscinia sibilans	Luscinia sibilans sibilans
333	红喉歌鸲	Siberian Robin	Luscinia calliope
334	蓝喉歌鸲	Bluethroat	Luscinia svecica svecica
335	蓝歌鸲	Siberian Blue Robin	Luscinia cyane cyane - L. c. bochaiensis
336	红胁蓝尾鸲	Red-flanked Robin	Tarsiger cyanurus cyanurus
337	鹊鸲	Oriental Magpie Robin	Copsychus saularis prosthopellus
338	北红尾鸲	Daurian Redstart	Phoenicurus auroreus auroreus
339	蓝额红尾鸲	Blue-fronted Redstart	Phoenicurus frontalis
340	红尾水鸲	Plumbeous Water Redstart	Rhyacornis fuliginosa fuliginosa	Rhyacornis fuliginosus fuliginosus
341	白顶溪鸲	White-capped Water Redstart	Chaimarrornis leucocephalus
342	白尾地鸲	White-tailed Robin	Cinclidium leucurum leucurum
343	小燕尾	Little Forktail	Enicurus scouleri
344	灰背燕尾	Slaty-backed Forktail	Enicurus schistaceus
345	白额燕尾	White-crowned Forktail	Enicurus leschenaulti sinensis
346	黑喉石䳭	Common Stonechat	Saxicola torquata stejnegeri
347	灰林䳭	Grey Stonechat	Saxicola ferrea haringtoni	Saxicola ferrea
348	白喉矶鸫	White-throated Rock Thrush	Monticola gularis	Monticola cinclorhynchus gularis
349	栗腹矶鸫	Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush	Monticola rufiventris
350	蓝矶鸫	Blue Rock Thrush	Monticola solitaries pandoo - M. s. philippensis
351	紫啸鸫	Blue Whistling Thrush	Myophonus caeruleus caeruleus
352	橙头地鸫	Orange-headed Thrush	Zoothera citrina courtoisi
353	白眉地鸫	Siberian Thrush	Zoothera sibirica sibirica - Z. s. davisoni
354	虎斑地鸫	Golden Mountain Thrush	Zoothera dauma aurea
355	灰背鸫	Grey-backed Thrush	Turdus hortulorum
356	乌灰鸫	Grey Thrush	Turdus cardis
357	乌鸫	Common Blackbird	Turdus merula mandarinus
358	白眉鸫	White-browed Thrush	Turdus obscurus
359	白腹鸫	Pale Thrush	Turdus pallidus	Turdus pallidus pallidus - T. s. obscures - T. s. chrycolaus
360	赤胸鸫	Browen-headed Thrush	Turdus chrysolaus chrysolaus
361	赤颈鸫	Red-throated Thrush	Turdus ruficollis
362	红尾鸫	Naumann's Thrush	Turdus naumanni	Turdus naumanni naumanni
363	斑鸫	Dusky Thrush	Turdus eunomus	Turdus naumanni eunomus b
364	宝兴歌鸫	Chinese Thrush	Turdus mupinensis
365	白喉林鹟	Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher	Rhinomyias brunneatus brunneatus	Rhinomyias burnneata burnneata
366	灰纹鹟	Grey-streaked Flycatcher	Muscicapa griseisticta
367	乌鹟	Dark-sided Flycatcher	Muscicapa sibirica sibirica
368	北灰鹟	Asian Brown Flycatcher	Muscicapa dauurica dauurica	Muscicapa latirostris
369	白眉姬鹟	Yellow-rumped Flycatcher	Ficedula zanthopygia
370	黄眉姬鹟	Narcissus Flycatcher	Ficedula narcissina narcissina - F. n. owstoni
371	鸲姬鹟	Mugimaki Flycatcher	Ficedula mugimaki
372	红喉姬鹟	Taiga Flycatcher	Ficedula albicilla	Ficedula parva albicilla
373	红胸姬鹟	Red-breasted Flycatcher	Ficedula prava
374	白腹蓝姬鹟	Blue-and-white Flycatcher	Cyanoptila cyanomelana cyanomelana - C. c. cumatilis	Ficedula cyanomelana cyanomelana - F. c. cumatilis
375	铜蓝鹟	Verditer Flycatcher	Eumyias thalassina thalassina	Muscica thalassina thalassina
376	小仙鹟	Small Niltava	Niltava macgregoriae signata
377	紫寿带	Japanese Paradise-Flycatcher	Terpsiphone atrocaudata atrocaudata
378	寿带	Asian Paradise Flycatcher	Terpsiphone paradisi incei
379	黑脸噪鹛	Masked Laughingthrush	Garrulax perspicillatus
380	小黑领噪鹛	Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush	Garrulax monileger melli
381	黑领噪鹛	Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush	Garrulax pectoralis picticollis
382	黑喉噪鹛	Black-throated Laughingthrush	Garrulax chinensis chinensis
383	灰翅噪鹛	Ashy Laughingthrush	Garrulax cineraceus cinereiceps
384	棕噪鹛	Rusty Laughingthrush	Garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi
385	画眉	Hwamei	Garrulax canorus canorus
386	白颊噪鹛	White-browed Laughingthrush	Garrulax sannio sannio
387	斑胸钩嘴鹛	Spot-breasted Scimitar-Babbler	Pomatorhinus erythrogenys swinhoei	Pomatorhinus erythrogenys
388	棕颈钩嘴鹛	Rufous-necked Scimitar Babbler	Pomatorhinus ruficollis styani - P. r. stridulus
389	小鳞胸鹪鹛	Pygmy Wren Babbler	Pnoepyga pusilla pusilla
390	丽星鹩鹛	Spotted Wren Babbler	Spelaeornis formosus
391	红头穗鹛	Rufous-capped Babbler	Stachyris ruficeps davidi
392	红嘴相思鸟	Red-billed Leiothrix	Leiothrix lutea lutea
393	红翅鵙鹛	White-browed Shrike-Babbler	Pteruthius flaviscapis ricketti
394	淡绿鵙鹛	Green Shrike Babbler	Pteruthius xanthochlorus obscurus
395	褐顶雀鹛	Dusky Fulvetta	Alcippe brunnea superciliaris
396	灰眶雀鹛	Grey-cheeked Fulvetta	Alcippe morrisonia hueti
397	栗耳凤鹛	Striated Yuhina	Yuhina castaniceps torqueola
398	黑颏凤鹛	Black-chinned Yuhina	Yuhina nigrimenta pallida*
399	白腹凤鹛	White-bellied Yuhina	Erpornis zantholeuca griseiloris
400	灰头鸦雀	Grey-headed Parrotbill	Paradoxornis gularis fokiensis
401	点胸鸦雀	Spot-breasted Parrotbill	Paradoxornis guttaticollis
402	棕头鸦雀	Vinous-throated Parrotbill	Paradoxornis webbianus webbianus - P. w. suffusus
403	短尾鸦雀	Short-tailed Parrotbill	Paradoxornis davidianus davidianus*
404	震旦鸦雀	Reed Parrotbill	Paradoxornis heudei heudei
405	棕扇尾莺	Zitting Cisticola	Cisticola juncidis tinnabulans
406	山鹪莺	Striated Prinia	Prinia crinigera parumstriata	Prinia polychroa parumstriata
407	黄腹山鹪莺	Yellow-bellied Prinia	Prinia flaviventris sonitans	Prinia flaviventris sonitans
408	纯色山鹪莺	Plain Prinia	Prinia inornata extensicauda	Prinia subflava extensicauda
409	鳞头树莺	Asian Stubtail	Urosphena squameiceps	Cettia squameiceps
410	远东树莺	Manchurian Bush Warbler	Cettia canturians	Cettia diphone canturians
411	强脚树莺	Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler	Cettia fortipes davidiana
412	黄腹树莺	Yellowish-bellied Bush Warbler	Cettia acanthizoides acanthizoides
413	棕褐短翅莺	Brown Bush Warbler	Bradypterus luteoventris
414	矛斑蝗莺	Lanceolated Warbler	Locustella lanceolata lanceolata	Locustella lanceolata
415	小蝗莺	Rusty-rumped Warbler	Locustella certhiola certhiola	Locustella certhiola minor
416	北蝗莺	Middendorff's Warbler	Locustella ochotensis
417	东亚蝗莺	Pleske's Warbler	Locustella pleskei
418	苍眉蝗莺	Gray's Warbler	Locustella fasciolata fasciolata	Locustella fasciolata
419	黑眉苇莺	Black-browed Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus bistrigiceps
420	钝翅苇莺	Blunt-winged Warbler	Acrocephalus concinens concinens	Acrocephalus agricola
421	东方大苇莺	Oriental Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus orientalis	Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis
422	褐柳莺	Dusky Warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus fuscatus
423	棕腹柳莺	Buff-throated Warbler	Phylloscopus subaffinis
424	巨嘴柳莺	Radde's Warbler	Phylloscopus schwarzi
425	黄腰柳莺	Pallas's Leaf Warbler	Phylloscopus proregulus	Phylloscopus proregulus proregulus
426	黄眉柳莺	Yellow-browed Warbler	Phylloscopus inornatus	Phylloscopus inornatus inornatus
427	极北柳莺	Arctic Warbler	Phylloscopus borealis borealis
428	双斑绿柳莺	Two-barred Warbler	Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus
429	淡脚柳莺	Pale-legged Leaf Warbler	Phylloscopus tenellipes
430	萨岛柳莺	Sakhalin Leaf Warbler	Phylloscopus borealoides
431	冕柳莺	Eastern Crowned Warbler	Phylloscopus coronatus	Phylloscopus coronatus coronatus
432	冠纹柳莺	Blyth's Leaf Warbler	Phylloscopus reguloides fokiensis
433	黑眉柳莺	Sulphur-breasted Warbler	Phylloscopus ricketti	Phylloscopus cantator ricketti
434	比氏鹟莺	Bianchi's Warbler	Seicercus valentini valentini	Seicercus burkii valentini
435	白眶鹟莺	White-spectacled Warbler	Seicercus affinis intermedius
436	栗头鹟莺	Chesnut-crowned Warbler	Seicercus castaniceps sinensis
437	棕脸鹟莺	Rufous-faced Warbler	Abroscopus albogularis fulvifacies
438	斑背大尾莺	Marsh Grassbird	Megalurus pryeri sinensis
439	戴菊	Goldcrest	Regulus regulus japonensis
440	红胁绣眼鸟	Chestnut-flanked White-eye	Zosterops erythropleurus
441	暗绿绣眼鸟	Japanese White-eye	Zosterops japonicus simplex	Zosterops japonica simplex
442	中华攀雀	Chinese Penduline Tit	Remiz consobrinus consobrinus	Remiz pendulinus consobrinus
443	银喉长尾山雀	Long-tailed Tit	Aegithalos caudatus glaucogularis
444	红头长尾山雀	Black-throated Tit	Aegithalos concinnus concinnus
445	煤山雀	Coal Tit	Parus ater kuatunensis
446	黄腹山雀	Yellow-bellied Tit	Parus venustulus
447	大山雀	Great Tit	Parus major minor - P. m. commixtus	Parus major artatus
448	黄颊山雀	Yelloe-cheeked Tit	Parus spilonotus rex	Parus xanthogenys
449	普通	Eurasian Nuthatch	Sitta europaea sinensis
450	栗臀	Chestnut-vented Nuthatch	Sitta nagaensis montium
451	红胸啄花鸟	Fire-breasted Flowerpecker	Dicaeum ignipectus ignipectus
452	叉尾太阳鸟	Fork-tailed Sunbird	Aethopyga christinae latouchii
453	山麻雀	Russet Sparrow	Passer rutilans rutilans
454	麻雀	Eurasian Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus saturatus
455	白腰文鸟	White-throated Munia	Lonchura striata swinhoei
456	斑文鸟	Scaly-breasted Munia	Lonchura punctulata topela
457	禾雀	Java Sparrow	Padda oryzivora
458	燕雀	Brambling	Fringilla montifringilla
459	普通朱雀	Common Rosefinch	Carpodacus erythrinus grebnitskii
460	北朱雀	Pallas's Rosefinch	Carpodacus roseus roseus	Carpodacus roseus
461	黄雀	Eurasian Siskin	Carduelis spinus	Cardulis spinus
462	金翅雀	Oriental Greenfinch	Carduelis sinica sincia
463	褐灰雀	Brown Bullfinch	Pyrrhula nipalensis ricketti
464	锡嘴雀	Hawfinch	Coccothraustes coccothraustes coccothraustes
465	黑尾蜡嘴雀	Yellow-billed Grosbeak	Eophona migratoria migratoria
466	黑头蜡嘴雀	Japanese Grosbeak	Eophona personata magnirostris
467	凤头鹀	Crested Bunting	Melophus lathami	Melophus lathami lathami
468	蓝鹀	Slaty Bunting	Latoucheornis siemsseni	Emberiza siemsseni
469	三道眉草鹀	Meadow Bunting	Emberiza cioides castaneiceps
470	红颈苇鹀	Ochre-rumped Bunting	Emberiza yessoensis continentalis
471	白眉鹀	Tristram's Bunting	Emberiza tristrami
472	栗耳鹀	Chestnut-eared Bunting	Emberiza fucata fucata
473	小鹀	Little Bunting	Emberiza pusilla
474	黄眉鹀	Yellow-browed Bunting	Emberiza chrysophrys
475	田鹀	Rustic Bunting	Emberiza rustica rustica
476	黄喉鹀	Yellow-throated Bunting	Emberiza elegans ticehursti
477	黄胸鹀	Yellow-breasted Bunting	Emberiza aureola aureola
478	栗鹀	Chestnut Bunting	Emberiza rutila
479	黑头鹀	Black-headed Bunting	Emberiza melanocephala
480	硫黄鹀	Yellow Bunting	Emberiza sulphurata
481	灰头鹀	Black-faced Bunting	Emberiza spodocephala spodocephala - E. s. personata - E. s. sordida
482	苇鹀	Pallas's Bunting	Emberiza pallasi polaris
483	芦鹀	Reed Bunting	Emberiza schoeniclus pallidior