Pictures of spermatozoa (400× magnification and phase contrast 2) showing: normal sperm (a); a sperm with S-shaped head (b); a head-less sperm (c, d); a sperm with burst head (e); a double-headed sperm (f); a sperm with bended head (g); a sperm with no acrosome (h); a sperm with abnormally long acrosome (i); a sperm with 90°-angle midpiece (j); a double-flagellated sperm (k); a sperm with split flagellum (l); a sperm with broken flagellum (m); a sperm with 90°-angle flagellum (n); and a sperm with coiled flagellum (o)
Figures of the Article
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Picture of a kittiwake's cloaca showing where to apply the capillary to collect the ejaculate
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Pictures of spermatozoa (400× magnification and phase contrast 2) showing: normal sperm (a); a sperm with S-shaped head (b); a head-less sperm (c, d); a sperm with burst head (e); a double-headed sperm (f); a sperm with bended head (g); a sperm with no acrosome (h); a sperm with abnormally long acrosome (i); a sperm with 90°-angle midpiece (j); a double-flagellated sperm (k); a sperm with split flagellum (l); a sperm with broken flagellum (m); a sperm with 90°-angle flagellum (n); and a sperm with coiled flagellum (o)
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Proportion of successful sperm collection (numbers of successful attempts divided by the total number of attempts) according to the number of days before laying. The numbers above the dots indicate the number of attempts made on a given day
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Within- and between-male variance in sperm morphological traits based on 7-16 sperm cells (mean ± SE: 10.1 ± 0.5) for each of 20 males. Dots represent individual mean lengths (± SD) ranked in order of magnitude
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