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Principal components analysis (PCA) of 17 external measurements of Brachypteryx montana cruralis (circles), B. m. goodfellowi (triangles), and B. m. sinensis (squares). Individual factor scores for males shown as black symbols, with those for females white
Figures of the Article
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Distribution of the continental and Taiwan Island Bradypterus montana complex (shaded areas), with sampling localities represented by circles (songs and DNA), diamonds (DNA) and triangles (song), and different colours for different taxa. The bicoloured circle represents a locality where B. m. cruralis and B. m. sinensis have been found in sympatry. Localities: 1. Hualien, Taiwan Island; 2. Nantou, Taiwan Island; 3. Sianyang Forest Resort, Taiwan Island; 4. Kaohsiung, Taiwan Island; 5. Dasyeushan Forest Resort, Taiwan Island; 6. Wuyishan, Jiangxi; 7. Hupingshan, Hunan; 8. Badagongshan, Hunan; 9. Foping, Shaanxi; 10. Wolong, Sichuan; 11. Longcanggou, Sichuan; 12. Labahe, Sichuan; 13. Muli, Sichuan; 14. Dulongjiang, Yunnan; 15. Pianma, Yunnan; 16. Dali, Yunnan; 17. Baihualing, Yunnan; 18. Huanglianshan, Yunnan; 19. Eaglenest; 20. Singalila National Park, West Bengal; 21. Chin Hills, Chin State; 22. Mucang Chai District, Yen Bou
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a Brachypteryx montana sinensis, adult male, Wuyishan, Jiangxi, 25 April 2013 (IOZ 18252; AV 20015) (Per Alström); b B. m. cruralis, adult male, Dulongjiang, Yunnan, 5 May 2016 (IOZ 21894) (Per Alström); c B. m. sinensis, 1st-summer male, Wolong, Sichuan, 19 June 2015 (IOZ 20894; AV 20014) (Per Alström); d B. m. cruralis, 1st-summer male, Wolong, Sichuan, 19 June 2015 (IOZ 20893; AV 20012) (Per Alström); e B. m. goodfellowi Nantou county, Taiwan Island, 4 May 2004 (Chengte Yao); f B. m. cruralis, 1st-summer male, Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, 14 May 2015 (Tang Jun/China Bird Tour)
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Principal components analysis (PCA) of 17 external measurements of Brachypteryx montana cruralis (circles), B. m. goodfellowi (triangles), and B. m. sinensis (squares). Individual factor scores for males shown as black symbols, with those for females white
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Sonograms of songs of a Brachypteryx montana cruralis, Singalila National Park, West Bengal, India, 2600 m, 29 May 1997 (Per Alström; AV 20010); b B. m. cruralis, Wolong, Sichuan Province, China, May 1990 (Per Alström; AV 20011); c B. m. sinensis, Wolong, Sichuan Province, China, 2860 m, 19 June 2015 (IOZ 20894; AV 20014) (Per Alström); d B. m. sinensis, Foping, Shaanxi Province, China, 2160 m, 8 June 2011 (IOZ 16361; AV 20013) (Per Alström); e B. m. sinensis, Wuyishan, Jiangxi Province, China, 2060 m, 25 April 2013 (IOZ 18252; AV 20015) (Per Alström); f B. m. goodfellowi, Dasyueshan Forest Reserve, Taiwan Island, China, 2600 m, 25 April 2009 (XC34156) (Frank Lambert); g B. m. goodfellowi, Dasyueshan Forest Reserve, Taiwan Island, China, 2100 m, 24 April 2009 (XC34261) (Frank Lambert). The coloured dots indicate artificially shortened pauses between strophes
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Plot of PC1 versus PC2 from Principal Component Analysis of song variables
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Phylogeny of the continental and Taiwanese Brachypteryx montana taxa, with B. m. montana, B. leucophris carolinae and B. hyperythra as outgroups. Numbers at nodes are posterior probabilities from different analyses, in this order: BEAST analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b; BEAST analysis of the concatenated mitochondrial cytochrome b and ND2 and nuclear myoglobin and ODC introns analysed in four partitions; *BEAST species tree analysis of the complete dataset. Time-calibrated based on a 2.1%/million years cytochrome b rate. Inset: B. m. cruralis, adult male, Doi Inthanon, Thailand, 8 July 2013 (Devon Pike; Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0)
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