Gut microbial alpha and beta diversity in five flycatcher species. (A) Venn diagram summarizing the numbers of common and unique OTUs among five species groups. (B) Differences in microbial diversity (Chao1 index, PD whole tree and observed species index) at the OTU level between five bird species groups shown as box plots. The one with the highest alpha diversity is labeled as "a", and progressively smaller values are labeled as "b", "c", etc. The same letter means no significant difference, and different letters mean significant difference. Partial eta squared effect sizes (η2) are reported by species for each alpha diversity index. (C) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) on the basis of unweighted Unifrac distance of the five species of flycatchers. DR, Daurian Redstart; RF, Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher; BR, Blue-fronted Redstart; HB, Himalayan Bluetail; RN, Rufous-bellied Niltava.

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