Volume 4 Issue 2
May  2013
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Study area and methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Related Articles
Per ALSTRÖM, Urban OLSSON, Fumin LEI. 2013: A review of the recent advances in the systematics of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea. Avian Research, 4(2): 99-131. DOI: 10.5122/cbirds.2013.0016
Citation: Per ALSTRÖM, Urban OLSSON, Fumin LEI. 2013: A review of the recent advances in the systematics of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea. Avian Research, 4(2): 99-131. DOI: 10.5122/cbirds.2013.0016
shu

A review of the recent advances in the systematics of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea

  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

  • 2.

    Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden

  • 3.

    Systematics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden

More Information
  • Corresponding author:

    (Per Alström), E-mail: per.alstrom@slu.se

  • Received Date: 09 Mar 2013
  • Accepted Date: 25 Apr 2013
  • Available Online: 23 Apr 2023
    Graphical Abstract
    • Abstract

  • The systematics of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea are reviewed, focusing on studies of relationships among families and within genera, more superficially on taxonomic studies at the species level. For the families Bernieridae and Phylloscopidae, new analyses based on already published sequence data are presented. Our understanding of relationships has been vastly improved in recent years due to a large number of molecular studies. However, the relationships among the different families remain largely obscured, probably mainly as a result of rapid divergence of the different primary lineages (families). Also, species level taxonomy has been much improved in recent years due to a large number of studies applying molecular markers and/or vocalizations and other life-history data. It seems likely that the number of species will continue to increase, as new groups are being studied with modern integrative methods.

    • FullText(HTML)

  • Hedgerows are agricultural field boundaries with natural, remnant vegetation, grown and managed during the shift from communal to individual agricultural practices (Baudry et al., 2000). They were developed in response to the inherent physical and biological characteristics associated with the prevalent culture. Plant species diversity and composition of hedgerows depend on the interest of individual farmers and the community. Currently, Angacha is the only hedgerow growing region in Ethiopia with diverse hedgerow plant species and complex vegetation structures. Hedgerow habitat quality depends on plant species composition, diversity and its associated fauna (Hinsley and Bellamy, 2000). Local communities use these hedgerows as sources of fuel and construction material; , hedgerows have ecological and cultural values (Baudry et al., 2000). Hedgerows can also serve as a corridor and refuge, play a role in soil conservation and runoff catchments and provide nesting, feeding and wintering sites for birds (Pollard et al., 1974; Burel, 1996; Rappole et al., 2003; Kati and Sekercioglu, 2006).

    Modified habitats, such as hedgerows, support substantial bird diversity (Hughes et al., 2002; Sodhi et al., 2005). However, the diversity of avian species and their response vary, depending on vegetation composition and structure (Chamberlain et al., 2000; Sekercioglu, 2002; Sodhi et al., 2005). The most important factors associated with species richness, abundance and breeding of hedgerow birds are the size (height, width or volume) and the abundance of trees (Hinsley and Bellamy, 2000; Brambilla et al., 2009).

    Intensification of agriculture is the main threat to farmland bird diversity, especially for less abundant species (Chamberlain et al., 2000; Whittingham and Evans, 2004). Hedgerow bird population recovery requires restoration of nesting covers such as shrubs, woodland and understories (Peach et al., 2004; Peh et al., 2006).

    There are no previous studies on hedgerows and their birds at Angacha. Sustaining this unique habitat in Ethiopia requires management and conservation. Hence, the present study was aimed to assess and compare three types of hedgerows and their bird diversity, species richness, relative abundance and seasonal composition at Angacha. It helps to devise management measures in order to sustain hedgerows and their faunal diversity, given the present decline of bird diversity and biodiversity in general.

    The present study area was located at the Kembatta Zone, 260 km south of Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia. This area is situated at elevations ranging from 2100 to 3028 m a.s.l. (Fig. 1). The area has a bimodal rainfall pattern with a mean annual rainfall of 1631 mm and mean annual temperature of 20℃. The short rainy season (January or March) is irregular with light rainfall, while the long rainy season (June to September) is characterized by high intensity rains in July. The most common plant species of hedgerows are Arsenic bush (Senna septemtrionalis), Justicia comata (Justicia schimperiana), Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalinea), Croton (Croton macrostachys) and Erythrina abyssinica (Erythrina brucei)

    Figure  1.  Map of Angacha with its sub study sites (Source: Ethiopian Mapping Authority, 1998).
    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    The present study was carried out from March to August 2010, covering both dry and wet seasons. Surveys of twenty days were carried out per month using point-count and line-transect methods (Bibby et al., 1992; Gibbons et al., 1998). The height and width of the vegetation of the hedgerows were estimated and/or measured (Baudry et al., 2000). Based on the variation in thickness, hedgerows were grouped into one of the following three types: 1) open farmland with fences to dispersed bordering hedges (0–2 m) of S1; 2) thin hedgerows (2–5 m) of S2 and S3; and 3) thick or dense hedgerows (≥5 m) of S4 and S5.

    The hedgerows were located at 0.5 to 1 km distance from each other as shown in Fig. 2. Given this condition, the study site, Angacha was divided into five sub-sites with a total of 125 point counts. Each sub-site had five sampling units and 25 point counts. Five sampling point counts with five replicates were performed per hedgerow type per season per sub-study site. In order to minimize double counting of birds, point counts were made at a distance of 200 m at the junction of hedgerow networks, following the method by Hinsley and Bellamy (2000). In each point count per hedgerow type, bird counts were made at a 25 m radius of a point count by direct observation within 5–10 min.

    Figure  2.  Modeled study area hedgerow types and their thickness. Birds point-counts represent a total of 45 transects and 125 point counts. S1 = 0–2 m (open), S2 = 2–3 m and S3 = 3–5 m (Thin), S4 and S5 ≥ 5 m (Thick).
    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    T-tests at a 95% CI and ANOVAs were carried out using SPSS software, version 13 to test avian diversity and distribution in hedgerow types per season. Further, an Excel computer program was used to record data to determine the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the Simpson similarity index in order to determine species diversity, similarity and relative abundance per type of hedgerow.

    A total of 27 species of birds from 18 families were identified during both the dry and wet seasons in open, thin and thick hedgerows (Table 1). Of these, 25 species were recorded during the dry season and 27 in the wet season. Among the 27 species identified, 5 species were recorded during the dry season in open types of hedgerows, 13 in thin types and 22 in thick hedgerow types.

    Table  1.  Recorded avian species and their relative abundance in different hedgerow types during both wet and dry seasons
    Bird species recorded Scientific name Hedgerow types
    0–2 m (open) 2–5 m (thin) > 5 m (thick)
    Groundscraper thrush Psophocichia litsitsirupa 0.0133(–) 0.0266 (–) – (–)
    Mountain thrush Turdus abyssinicus 0.0067(0.0158) 0.0200 (0.0213) – (–)
    Ruppell's Robin Chat Cossyfa semirufa – (–) 0.0333 (0.0284) 0.0533 (0.0426)
    Ruppell's Black Chat Myrmecocichla melaena* – (–) 0.0067 (–) – (–)
    Common Fiscal Lunius collaris* 0.0067 (0.0071) 0.0133 (0.0212) 0.0333 (0.284)
    Swainsson's sparrow Passer swainsonni 0.0133 (0.01442) 0.0133 (0.0212) 0.0400 (0.0355)
    Red-cheeked Cordon bleu Uraegenatusbengalus – (–) 0.0133 (0.0071) 0.0133 (0.0071)
    Village weaver Ploceus cucculatus 0.0133 (0.0071) 0.0200 (0.0142) 0.0267 (0.0284)
    Red-billed firefinch Laganosticta senegala 0.0200 (0.0284) 0.0333 (0.0426) 0.0709 (0.0709)
    African Paradise flycatcher Terpsiphone vividis – (–) – (–) 0.0067 (0.0071)
    Towny flanked prinia Prinia subflava – (–) 0.0133 (0.0142) 0.0200 (0.0212)
    Common bulbul Pycnonotusbarbatus – (–) 0.0200 (0.0284) 0.0600 (0567)
    Green-backed Honeyguide Prodotiscus zambesiae – (–) 0.0467 (0.0567) 0.0867 (0.0851)
    Variable sunbird Cinniris vnustus – (–) 0.0200 (0.0142) 0.0467 (0.0425)
    Tekezze sunbird Necatarinia teacazze – (–) 0.0067 (0.0071) 0.0067 (0.0071)
    Scarlet-chested sunbird Chalcometra senegalensis – (–) 0.0067(0.0071) 0.0067(0.0071)
    White-cheeked turaco Tauraco leucotis* – (–) – (–) 0.0200 (0.0142)
    Banded Barbet Lybius undatus* – (–) – (–) 0.0133 (0.0071)
    Black-billed Barbet Lybiusguifisobalito – (–) – (–) 0.0067 (0.0071)
    Abyssinian Oriole Orolus monacha* – (–) – (–) 0.0600 (0.0567)
    Sacred ibis Threslciomis aethopicus – (–) – (–) 0.0200 (0.0142)
    Hadad ibis Bostrychia hagedash – (–) – (–) 0.0133 (0.0142)
    Glossy ibis Piegedisfalcinellus – (–) – (–) 0.0333 (0.0284)
    Wattled ibis Bostrychia carucullata* – (–) – (–) 0.0467 (0.0425)
    Hamerkop Scopus umbreta – (–) – (–) 0.0133 (0.0071)
    Egyptian Goose Alopachen aegypticus – (–) – (–) 0.0267 (0.0142)
    African grey hornbill Tockus nasutus – (–) – (–) 0.0067 (0.0071)
    Note: – means absence; inside ( ) is dry season avian relative abundance (individuals per population per hedgerow types), and outside ( ) is wet season avian relative abundance; * means endemic species.
     | Show Table
    DownLoad: CSV

    High species richness was observed in thick hedgerows. Species richness in the three types of hedgerows ranged from 5 to 22 during dry season and from 6 to 24 during the wet season. There were variations in the bird species richness among hedgerow types (t = 3.361, p < 0.05) but not between seasons. The highest species diversity was obtained in the thick hedgerow type. Compared with other hedgerow types, thick hedgerows harbored high endemism (Table 2). Species similarity was high between thin and thick hedgerow types followed by open and thin types during both dry and wet seasons. The least similarity was observed between open and thick types (Table 3).

    Table  2.  Species richness and diversity indices during both dry and wet season
    Season Hedgerow types Species richness H′ Hmax H′/Hmax D′ % species
    Dry Open 5 0.037 1.61 0.023 27.02 20.0
    Thin 13 0.482 2.56 0.190 2.07 55.6
    Thick 22 0.778 3.09 0.610 1.28 85.0
    Wet Open 6 0.042 1.80 0.023 23.81 22.2
    Thin 15 0.083 2.71 0.031 12.05 55.6
    Thick 24 0.500 5.50 0.091 1.50 88.9
    Note: species richness = number of species per hedgerow type per season. H′ = Shannon-Wiener's index, D′ = Simpson's index.
     | Show Table
    DownLoad: CSV
    Table  3.  Species similarity among the hedgerow types during dry and wet seasons
    Season Hedgerow types Open Thin Thick
    Dry Open 0.38 0.18
    Thin 0.38 0.55
    Thick 0.18 0.55
    Wet Open 0.40 0.25
    Thin 0.40 0.63
    Thick 0.25 0.63
     | Show Table
    DownLoad: CSV

    The distribution of avian species among the hedgerow types were 22.2% in open hedgerows, 55.5% in thin hedgerows and 88.9% in thick hedgerows. The highest preference was observed for the thick hedgerow type (Table 2). Relative abundance varied during dry and wet seasons for different hedgerow types. During dry and wet seasons, the relative abundance of the Green-backed Honey Guide (Prodotiscus zambesiae) was highest in thick and thin hedgerows, followed by the Red-billed Firefinch (Laganosticta senegala) in relation to other species per hedgerow per season. But the relative abundance of the red-billed fire finch was the highest within open hedgerows.

    Avian species richness, diversity, composition and endemics vary in relation to hedgerow types. These characteristics are positively associated with the variability in hedgerow plant species richness, composition and heterogeneity (Chamberlain et al., 2000; Bradbury, et al., 2001; Newton, 2004). The present study revealed the impact of hedgerow types with their variability in vegetation structure and heterogeneity of avian communities. This might be associated with the provision of cover, food, nest and nesting material. The observed high species richness, diversity and avian preferences as well as endemism for thick hedgerows and the poor community structure in open hedgerow demonstrate the impact of heterogeneity of hedgerow vegetation and its types.

    During both dry and wet seasons, high avian species similarity was observed between thick and thin hedgerow types followed by open and thin types. Shared vegetation structures and provision of common resources might have contributed to this similarity. However, species similarity deviated between open and thick hedgerows. Seasonal similarity within hedgerow types was high for thick hedgerows and was least for open types (Pollard et al., 1974; Bradbury et al., 2001). This suggests a preference of avifauna to different hedgerow types and their high ecological value. This was realized in the present study with a nearly exclusive habitation of endemic birds in thick, well managed hedgerows. Thus, the complexity of farmland boundaries (hedgerows) determined them as the habitat for the prevalent bird species (Bradbury et al., 2001).

    Intensification of agriculture and pressure from population growth affected habitat quality of hedgerows. Thinning and removal of hedgerow plants and plowing to their base reduced the habitat quality where the bird species community was poor (Whittingham and Evans, 2004). In the present study, the association of the White-cheeked Turaco (Tauraco leucotis) and Banded Barbet (Lybius undatus) with indigenous fruiting trees of thick hedgerows above 5 m, such as Erythrina brucei, showed ecological interaction of the indicator hedgerow plant species and the preference of its associated birds. However, a loss of hedgerows reduced habitat quality, causing their bird populations to decline (Peach et al., 2004).

    High species diversity, richness and endemism in thick hedgerow types during dry and wet seasons show their preference due to the availability and provision of various essential resources. Despite this, bird species preference and similarity among hedgerow types deviated considerably where the highest similarity was observed in thin and thick hedgerows during both dry and wet seasons. Habitats where natural communities are altered to managed ecosystems, conservation and regulation of hedgerows are important for the maintenance of bird distributions, diversity and ecosystem services, given the scenario of challenging changes in climate. Therefore, in order to manage and conserve hedgerows and their avian diversity, a certain amount of awareness of hedgerows and their ecological interaction with birds, as well as their role in crop production, is required. Mitigative actions are needed for the region in order to restore and conserve hedgerows as a pool for biodiversity and panacea to their loss.

    I am indebted to Professor M. Balakrishnan for his valuable criticism and review of this manuscript. My gratitude also goes to the respective Biology Departments of Dilla and Addis Ababa University for their financial support to execute this study. My special thanks go to Shagie Kokiso and her daughters and anonymous farmers of the study area for their concern, unreserved assistance and cooperation during the study period.

    • References (285)
  • Aleixo A, Pacheco JF. 2006. A family name for the monotypic oscine passerine genus Donacobius. Rev Brasil Ornitol, 14: 172–173.
    Alström P, Barnes KN, Olsson U, Barker FK, Bloomer P, Khan AA, Qureshi MA, Guillaumet A, Crochet P-A, Ryan PG. 2013. Multilocus phylogeny of the avian family Alaudidae (larks) reveals complex morphological evolution, non-monophyletic genera and hidden species diversity. Mol Phylogenet Evol. doi: .
    Alström P, Davidson P, Duckworth JW, Eames JC, Le TT, Nguyen C, Olsson U, Robson C, Timmins RJ. 2010. Description of a new species of Phylloscopus warbler from Vietnam and Laos. Ibis, 152: 145–168.
    Alström P, Fregin S, Norman JA, Ericson PGP, Christidis L, Olsson U. 2011a. Multilocus analysis of a taxonomically densely sampled dataset reveal extensive non- monophyly in the avian family Locustellidae. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 38: 381–397.
    Alström P, Höhna S, Gelang M, Ericson PGP, Olsson U. 2011b. Non-monophyly and intricate morphological evolution within the avian family Cettiidae revealed by multilocus analysis of a taxonomically densely sampled dataset. BMC Evol Biol, 11: 352.
    Alström P, Fjeldså J, Fregin S, Olsson U. 2011c. Gross morphology betrays phylogeny: the Scrub Warbler Scotocerca inquieta is not a cisticolid. Ibis, 153: 87–97.
    Alström P, Saitoh T, Williams D, Nishiumi I, Shigeta Y, Ueda K, Irestedt M, Björklund M, Olsson U. 2011d. The Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis – three anciently separated cryptic species revealed. Ibis, 153: 395–410.
    Alström P, Olsson U, Colston P. 1997. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of Phylloscopus proregulus kansuensis Meise. Bull Br Ornithol Club, 117: 177–193.
    Alström P, Olsson U, Colston PR. 1990. Description of a possible new species of leaf warbler of the genus Phylloscopus from China. Bull Br Ornithol Club, 110: 43–47.
    Alström P, Olsson U, Colston PR. 1992. A new species of Phylloscopus warbler from central China. Ibis, 134: 329–334.
    Alström P, Olsson U, Rasmussen PC, Yao C-T, Ericson PGP, Sundberg P. 2007. Morphological, vocal and genetic divergence in the Cettia acanthizoides complex (Aves: Cettiidae). Zool J Linn Soc, 149: 437–452.
    Alström P, Olsson U, Round PD. 1991. The taxonomic status of Acrocephalus agricola tangorum. Forktail, 6: 3–13.
    Alström P, Olsson U. 1990. Taxonomy of the Phylloscopus proregulus complex. Bull Br Ornithol Club, 110: 38–43.
    Alström P, Olsson U. 1992. Taxonomic status of Phylloscopus affinis and P. subaffinis. Bull Br Ornithol Club, 112: 111–126.
    Alström P, Olsson U. 1995. A new species of Phylloscopus warbler from Sichuan Province, China. Ibis, 137: 459–468.
    Alström P, Olsson U. 1999. The Golden-spectacled Warbler: a complex of sibling species, including a previously undescribed species. Ibis, 141: 545–568.
    Alström P, Olsson U. 2000. Golden-spectacled Warbler systematics. Ibis, 142: 495–500.
    Alström P, Rasmussen PC, Olsson U, Sundberg P. 2008. Species delimitation based on multiple criteria: the Spotted Bush Warbler Bradypterus thoracicus complex (Aves, Megaluridae). Zool J Linn Soc, 154: 291–307.
    Alström P. 1998. Taxonomy of the Mirafra assamica complex. Forktail, 13: 97–107.
    Alström P. Ericson PGP, Olsson U, Sundberg P. 2006. Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 38: 381–397.
    Athreya R. 2006. A new species of Liocichla (Aves: Timaliidae) from Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Indian Birds, 2: 82–94.
    Ayé R, Hertwig ST, Schweizer M. 2010. Discovery of a breeding area of the enigmatic large-billed reed warbler Acrocephalus orinus. J Avian Biol, 41: 452–459.
    Babin MJ. 2005. Geographic variation in rough-winged swallows (Aves: Hirundinidae: Stelgidopteryx. M.S. thesis. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Louisiana, USA.
    Bairlein F, Alström P, Aymí R, Clement P, Dyrcz A, Gargallo G, Hawkins F, Madge S, Pearson D, Svensson L. 2006. Family Sylviidae (Warblers). In: del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Christie DA (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp 492–709.
    Baker K. 1997. Warblers of Europe, Asia and North Africa. A & C Black, London.
    Bannerman DA, Bates GL. 1924. On the birds collected in Northwestern and Northern Cameroon and parts of northern Nigeria – Part Ⅱ. Systematic Notes. Ibis, 66: 200–276.
    Bannerman DA. 1948. The Birds of Tropical West Africa. Vol. 6. Crown Agents, London.
    Barhoum DN, Burns KJ. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of the Wrentit based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Condor, 104: 740–749.
    Barker FK, Barrowclough GF, Groth JG. 2002. A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds: taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data. Proc R Soc Lond B, 269: 295–308.
    Barker FK, Cibois A, Schikler P, Feinstein J, Cracraft J. 2004. Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101: 11040–11045.
    Bates GL. 1930. Handbook of the Birds of West Africa. Bale, Sons and Danielson, London.
    Beecher WJ. 1953. A phylogeny of the oscines. Auk, 70: 270–333.
    Bensch S, Helbig AJ, Salomon M, Seibold I. 2002. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis identifies hybrids between two subspecies of warblers. Mol Ecol, 11: 473–481.
    Bensch S, Pearson D. 2002. The Large-billed Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orinus revisited. Ibis, 144: 259–267.
    Beresford P, Barker FK, Ryan PG, Crowe TM. 2005. African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): molecular systematics of several evolutionary 'enigmas'. Proc Roy Soc Lond B, 272: 849–858.
    BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona and Cambridge, UK.
    Bock WJ. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bull Amer Mus Nat Hist, 222: 1–283.
    Brambilla M, Vitulano S, Spina F, Baccetti N, Gargallo G, Fabbri E, Guidali F, Randi E. 2008a. A molecular phylogeny of the Sylvia cantillans complex: cryptic species within the Mediterranean basin. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 48: 461–472.
    Brambilla M, Janni O, Guidali F, Sorace A. 2008b. Song perception among incipient species as a mechanism for reproductive isolation. J Evol Biol, 21: 651–657.
    Brambilla M, Quaglierini A, Reginato F, Vitulano S, Guidali F. 2008c. Syntopic taxa in the Sylvia cantillans species complex. Acta Ornithol, 43: 217–220.
    Brosset A, Erard C. 1986. Les Oiseaux des Régions Forestiêres du Gabon, Vol. 1. Société National de Protection de la Nature, Paris
    Cabanis J. 1875. [Neue Arten]. J Ornithol, 23: 234–238.
    Cerasale DJ, Dor R, Winkler DW, Lovette IJ. 2012. Phylogeny of the Tachycineta genus of new world swallows: insights from complete mitochondrial genomes. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 63: 64–71.
    Chapin JP. 1953. The birds of the Belgian Congo. Part Ⅲ. Bull AMNH, 75A: 1–826.
    Chappuis C. 1974. Illustration sonore de problèmes bioacoustiques posés par les oiseaux de la zone éthiopienne. Alauda, 42: 197–222.
    Cheng T-H. 1987. A Synopsis to the Avifauna of China. Parey Scientific Publ., Hamburg, Germany.
    Chikuni K, Minaka N, Ikenaga H. 1996. Molecular phylogeny of some Passeriformes, based on cytochrome b sequences. J Yamashina Inst Orn, 28: 1–8.
    Cibois A, Beadell JS, Graves GR, Pasquet E, Slikas B, Sonsthagen SA, Thibault J-C, Fleischer RC. 2011a. Charting the course of reed-warblers across the Pacific islands. J Biogeogr, 38: 1963–1975.
    Cibois A, Cracraft J. 2004. Assessing the passerine "Tapestry": phylogenetic relationships of the Muscicapoidea inferred from nuclear DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 32: 264–273.
    Cibois A, Kalyakin MV, Han LX, Pasquet E. 2002. Molecular phylogenetics of babblers (Timaliidae): reevaluation of the genera Yuhina and Stachyris. J Avian Biol, 33: 380–390
    Cibois A, Normand D, Gregory SMS, Pasquet E. 2010. Bernieridae (Aves: Passeriformes): a family-group name for the Malagasy sylvioid radiation. Zootaxa, 2554: 65–68.
    Cibois A, Pasquet E, Schulenberg TS. 1999. Molecular systematics of the Malagasy babblers (Passeriformes: Timaliidae) and warblers (Passeriformes: Sylviidae), based on cytochrome b and 16S rRNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 13: 581–595.
    Cibois A, Slikas B, Schulenberg TS, Pasquet E. 2001. An endemic radiation of Malagasy songbirds is revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Evolution, 55: 1198–1206.
    Cibois A, Thibault J-C, Pasquet E. 2007. Uniform phenotype conceals double colonization by reed-warblers of a remote Pacific archipelago. J Biogeogr, 34: 1155–1166.
    Cibois A, Thibault J-C, Pasquet E. 2008. Systematics of the extinct reed warblers Acrocephalus of the Society Islands of eastern Polynesia. Ibis, 150: 365–376.
    Cibois A, Thibault J-C, Raust P, Pasquet E. 2011b. Systematics of the reed-warblers (Acrocephalus atyphus) of the Tuamotu archipelago, Eastern Polynesia. Emu, 111: 139–147.
    Cibois A. 2003a. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of babblers (Timaliidae). Auk, 120: 35–54.
    Cibois A. 2003b. Sylvia is a babbler: taxonomic implications for the families Sylviidae and Timaliidae. Bull Br Ornithol Club, 123: 257–261.
    Clancey PA. 1966. Subspeciation in southern African populations of Sabota Lark Mirafra sabota Smith. Ostrich, 37: 207–213.
    Clancey PA. 1980. S.A.O.S. Checklist of Southern African Birds. Southern African Ornithological Society, Johannesburg.
    Clancey PA. 1989. Taxonomic and distributional findings on some birds from Namibia. Cimbebasia, 11: 111–133.
    Collar NJ, Robson C. 2007. Family Timaliidae (Babblers). In: del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Christie DA (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp 70–291.
    Collar NJ. 2006. A partial revision of the Asian babblers (Timaliidae). Forktail, 22: 85–112.
    Collar NJ. 2011. Taxonomic notes on some Asian babblers (Timaliidae). Forktail, 27: 100–102.
    Cracraft J, Barker FK, Braun M, Harshman J, Dyke GJ, Feinstein J, Stanley S, Cibois A, Schikler P, Beresford P, García-Moreno J, Sorenson MP, Yuri T, Mindell DP. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships among modern birds (Neornithes). Toward an avian tree of life. In: Cracraft J, Donoghue MJ (eds), Assembling the Tree of Life. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    Cracraft J. 1989. Speciation and its ontology: the empirical consequences of alternative species concepts for understanding patterns and processes of differentiation. In: Otte D, Endler JA (eds) Speciation and Its Consequences. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass, pp 28–59.
    Cramp S. 1992. The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol. 7. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    Dai C, Chen K, Zhang R, Yang X, Yin Z, Tian H, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Lei F. 2010. Molecular phylogenetic analysis among species of Paridae, Remizidae and Aegithalos based on mtDNA sequences of COI and cyt b. Chinese Birds, 1: 112–123.
    Dai C, Wang W, Lei F. 2013. Multilocus phylogeography (mitochondrial, autosomal and Z-chromosomal loci) and genetic consequences of long-distance male dispersal in Black-throated tits (Aegithalos concinnus). Heredity, 110: 457–465.
    Dai C, Zhao N, Wang W, Lin C, Gao B, Yang X, Zhang Z, Lei F. 2011. Profound climatic effects on two East Asian BlackThroated Tits (Aves: Aegithalidae), revealed by ecological niche models and phylogeographic analysis. PLoS ONE, 6(12): e29329.
    de Juana E, Suárez F, Ryan P, Alström P, Donald P. 2004. Family Alaudidae (Larks). In: del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Christie DA (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 9. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp 496–601.
    Dean WRJ, Fry CH, Keith S, Lack P. 1992. Family Alaudidae: Larks. In: Keith S, Urban EK, Fry CH (eds) The Birds of Africa, Vol. 4. Academic Press, London, pp 13–124.
    Degnan SM, Moritz C. 1992. Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA in two species of white-eyes in Australia. Auk, 109: 800–811.
    Deignan H. 1964a. Subfamily Panurinae, parrotbills. In: Mayr E, Paynter RA (eds) Check-list of Birds of the World, Vol. X. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass, pp 430–442.
    Deignan H. 1964b. Subfamily Timaliinae, babblers. In: Mayr E, Paynter RA (eds). Check-list of Birds of the World, Vol. X. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass, pp 240–427.
    del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Christie DA. 2006. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers, Vol. 11. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
    Delacour J. 1942–1943. The bush-warblers of the genera Cetti and Bradypterus, with notes on allied genera and species. Ibis, 6: 509–519.
    Delacour J. 1943. A revision of the genera and species of the family Pycnonotidae (bulbuls). Zoologica, 28: 17–28.
    Delacour J. 1946. Les timaliinés. L'Oiseau, 16: 7–36.
    Dickinson E. 2003. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Third ed. Helm, London.
    Dickinson EC, Dekker RWRJ. 2001. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 11. A preliminary review of the Alaudidae. Zool Verh Leiden, 335: 61–84.
    Dickinson EC, Rasmussen PC, Round PD, Rozendaal FG. 2000. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 1. A review of the russet bush-warbler Bradypterus seebohmi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1895). Zool Verh Leiden, 331: 12–64.
    Dong F, Li S-H, Yang X-J. 2010a. Molecular systematics and diversification of the Asian scimitar babblers (Timaliidae, Aves) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 57: 1268–1275.
    Dong F, Wu F, Liu LM, Yang XJ. 2010b. Molecular phylogeny of the barwings (Aves: Timaliidae: Actinodura), a paraphyletic group, and its taxonomic implications. Zool Stud, 49: 703–709.
    Dor R, Carling MD, Lovette IJ, Sheldon FH, Winkler DW. 2012. Species trees for the tree swallows (Genus Tachycineta): An alternative phylogenetic hypothesis to the mitochondrial gene tree. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 65: 317–322.
    Dor R, Safran RJ, Sheldon FH, Winkler DW, Lovette IJ. 2010. Phylogeny of the genus Hirundo and the Barn Swallow subspecies complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 56: 409–418.
    Dowsett RJ, Dowsett-Lemaire F. 1993. A contribution to the distribution and taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds. Tauraco Research Reports 5. Tauraco Press, Liège.
    Dowsett RJ, Olson SL, Roy MS, Dowsett-Lemaire F. 1999. Systematic status of the Black-collared Bulbul Neolestes torquatus. Ibis, 141: 22–28.
    Dowsett-Lemaire F, Dowsett RJ. 1987. European and African Reed Warblers, Acrocephalus scirpaceus and A. baeticatus: vocal and other evidence for a single species. Bull Br Ornithol Club, 107: 74–85.
    Drovetski SV, Zink RM, Fadeev IV, Nesterov EV, Koblik EA, Red'kin YA, Rohwer S. 2004. Mitochondrial phylogeny of Locustella and related genera. J Avian Biol, 35: 105–110.
    Eck S. 1994. Die geographisch-morphologische Vikarianz der grossen palaearktischen Rohrsänger (Aves: Passeriformes: Sylviidae: Acrocephalus[arundinaceus]). Zool Abh Staatl Mus Tierkd Dresden, 48: 161–168.
    Ericson PGP, Johansson US. 2003. Phylogeny of Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 29: 126–138.
    Fjeldså J, Goodman SM, Schulenberg TS, Slikas B. 1999. Molecular evidence for relationships of Malagasy birds. In: Adams NJ, Slotow RH (eds) Proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress, Durban. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, pp 3084–3094.
    Fjeldså J, Irestedt M, Ericson PGP, Zuccon D. 2010. The Cinnamon Ibon Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus is a forest canopy sparrow. Ibis, 152: 747–760.
    Fregin S, Haase M, Olsson U, Alström P. 2009. Multi-locus phylogeny of the family Acrocephalidae (Aves: Passeriformes) –The traditional taxonomy overthrown. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 52: 866–878.
    Fregin S, Haase M, Olsson U, Alström P. 2012. New insights into family relationships within the avian superfamily Sylvioidea (Passeriformes) based on seven molecular markers. BMC Evol Biol, 12: 157.
    Fry CH, Williamson K, Ferguson-Lees IJ. 1974. A new subspecies of Acrocephalus baeticatus from Lake Chad and a taxonomic reappraisal of Acrocephalus dumetorum. Ibis, 116: 340–346.
    Fuchs J, Fjeldså J, Bowie RCK, Voelker G, Pasquet E. 2006. The African warbler genus Hyliota as a lost lineage in the oscine songbird tree: molecular support for an African origin of the Passerida. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 39: 186–197.
    Fuchs J, Fjeldså J, Bowie RCK. 2011. Diversification across an altitudinal gradient in the Tiny Greenbul (Phyllastrephus debilis) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Africa. BMC Evol Biol, 11: 117.
    García JT, Suárez F, Garza V, Calero-Riestra M, Hernández J, Pérez-Tris J. 2008. Genetic and phenotypic variation among geographically isolated populations of the globally threatened Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 46: 237–251.
    Gavrilov EI, Savchenko AP. 1991. On species validity of the Pale Sand Martin (Riparia diluta Sharpe et Wyatt, 1893). Byul Mosk O-va Isp Prir Otd Biol, 96: 34–44. (in Russian)
    Gelang M, Cibois A, Pasquet E, Olsson U, Alström P, Ericson PGP. 2009. Phylogeny of babblers (Aves, Passeriformes): major lineages, family limits and classification. Zool Scr, 32: 279–296.
    Gill F, Donsker D. 2013. IOC World Bird List (version 3.3). . Accessed 5 March 2013.
    Goroshko OA. 1993. Taxonomic status of the pale (sand?) martin Riparia (riparia?) diluta (Sharpe & Wyatt, 1893). Russ Ornit Zhurnal, 2: 303–323. (in Russian)
    Guillaumet A, Crochet PA, Godelle B. 2005. Phenotypic variation in Galerida larks in Morocco: the role of history and natural selection. Mol Ecol, 14: 3809–3821.
    Guillaumet A, Crochet PA, Pons J-M. 2008. Climate-driven diversification in two widespread Galerida larks. BMC Evol Biol, 8: 32.
    Guillaumet A, Pons JM, Godelle B, Crochet PA. 2006. History of the Crested Lark in the Mediterranean region as revealed by mtDNA sequences and morphology. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 39: 645–656.
    Haffer J. 1991. Familie Sylviidae-Zweigsänger (Grasmücken und Verwandte). In: von Blotzheim GUN, Bauer KM (eds) Handbuch der Vögel Mitteleuropas, Vol. 12. Aula-Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp 11–21 and 208–216.
    Hall BP, Moreau RE. 1970. An Atlas of Speciation in African Passerine Birds. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London.
    Hamao S, Veluz MJS, Saitoh T, Nishiumi I. 2008. Phylogenetic relationship and song differences between closely related bush warblers (Cettia seebohmi and C. diphone). Wilson J Ornithol, 120: 268–276.
    Hanotte O, Knox AG, Prigogine A. 1987. The taxonomic status of Nicator: Evidence from feather protein electrophoresis. Biochem Syst Ecol, 15: 629–634.
    Harrison CJO. 1966. The validity of some genera of larks (Alaudidae). Ibis, 108: 573–583.
    Hartert E. 1909. Die Vögel der Paläarktischen Fauna. Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn, Berlin.
    Helbig AJ, Martens J, Seibold I, Henning F, Schottler B, Wink M. 1996. Phylogeny and species limits in the Palaearctic chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita complex: mitochondrial genetic differentiation and bioacoustic evidence. Ibis, 138: 650–666.
    Helbig AJ, Salomon M, Bensch S, Seibold I. 2001. Male-biased gene flow across an avian hybrid zone: evidence from mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA. J Evol Biol, 14: 277–287.
    Helbig AJ, Seibold I, Martens J, Wink M. 1995. Genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli and Green Warbler Phylloscopus nitidus. J Avian Biol, 26: 139–153.
    Helbig AJ, Seibold I. 1999. Molecular phylogeny of Palearctic–African Acrocephalus and Hippolais warblers (Aves: Sylviidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol, 11: 246–260.
    Holyoak DT, Thibault J-C. 1984. Contribution a l'eìtude des oiseaux de Polyneìsie orientale. Meìm. MNHN, Paris, 127: 1–209.
    Inskipp T, Lindsey N, Duckworth W. 1996. An Annotated Checklist of the Birds of the Oriental Region. Oriental Bird Club, Sandy, Bedfordshire
    International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, Padova.
    Irestedt M, Gelang M, Olsson U, Ericson PGP, Sangster G, Alström P. 2011. Neumann's Warbler Hemitesia neumanni (Sylvioidea): the sole African member of a Palaeotropic Miocene radiation. Ibis, 153: 78–86.
    Irwin DE, Alström P, Olsson U, Benowitz-Fredericks ZM. 2001a. Cryptic species in the genus Phylloscopus (Old World leaf warblers). Ibis, 143: 233–247.
    Irwin DE, Bensch S, Irwin JH, Price TD. 2005. Speciation by distance in a ring species. Science, 307: 414–416.
    Irwin DE, Bensch S, Price TD. 2001b. Speciation in a ring. Nature, 409: 333–337.
    Irwin DE, Thimgan MP, Irwin JH. 2008. Call divergence is correlated with geographic and genetic distance in greenish warblers (Phylloscopus trochiloides): a strong role for stochasticity in signal evolution? J Evol Biol, 21: 435–448.
    Irwin DE. 2000. Song variation in an avian ring species. Evolution, 54: 998–1010.
    Johansson US, Fjeldså J, Lokugalappatti LGS, Bowie RCK. 2007a. A nuclear DNA phylogeny and proposed taxonomic revision of African greenbuls (Aves, Passeriformes, Pycnonotidae). Zool Scr, 36: 417–427.
    Johansson US, Alström P, Olsson U, Ericson PGP, Sundberg P, Price TD. 2007b. Build-up of the Himalayan avifauna through immigration: a biogeographical analysis of the Phylloscopus and Seicercus warblers. Evolution, 61: 324–333.
    Johansson US, Fjeldså J, Bowie RCK. 2008a. Phylogenetic relationships within Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes). Mol Phylogenet Evol, 48: 858–876.
    Johansson US, Bowie RCK, Hackett SJ, Schulenberg TS. 2008b. The phylogenetic affinities of Crossley's babbler (Mystacornis crossleyi): adding a new niche to the vanga radiation of Madagascar. Biol Lett, 4: 677–680.
    Jones AW, Kennedy RS. 2008. Evolution in a tropical archipelago: comparative phylogeography of Philippine fauna and flora reveals complex patterns of colonization and diversification. Biol J Linn Soc, 95: 620–639.
    Jønsson KA, Fjeldså J, Ericson PGP, Irestedt M. 2007. Systematic placement of an enigmatic Southeast Asian taxon Eupetes macrocerus and implications for the biogeography of a main songbird radiation, the Passerida. Biol Lett, 3: 323–326.
    Jønsson KA, Fjeldså J. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). Zool Scr, 35: 149–186.
    Keith S. 1997. Genus Hylia Cassin, Hylia prasina (Cassin), Green Hylia. In: Urban EK, Fry CH, Keith S (eds) The Birds of Africa, Vol. 5. Academic Press, London, pp 428–430.
    Kennerley P, Pearson D. 2010. Reed and Bush Warblers. Christopher Helm, London.
    King B, Dickinson EC. 1975. A Field Guide to the Birds of SouthEast Asia. Collins, London.
    King B, Robson C. 2008. The taxonomic status of the three subspecies of Greater Rufous-headed Parrotbill Paradoxornis ruficeps. Forktail, 24: 120–122.
    King B. 1989. The avian genera Tesia and Urosphena. Bull Br Ornithol Club, 109: 162–166.
    Kirchman JJ, Whittingham LA, Sheldon FH. 2000. Relationships among Cave Swallow Populations (Petrochelidon fulva) determined by comparisons of microsatellite and cytochrome b data. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 14: 107–121.
    Knox AG, Collinson M, Helbig AJ, Parkin DT, Sangster G. 2002. Taxonomic recommendations for British birds. Ibis, 144: 707–710.
    Koblik EA, Red'kin YA, Meer MS, Derelle R, Golenkina SA, Kondrashov FA, Arkhipov V. 2011. Acrocephalus orinus: A case of mistaken identity. PLoS ONE, 6(4): e17716.
    Lawson WJ. 1961. The races of the Karoo Lark, Certhilauda albescens (Lafresnaye). Ostrich, 32: 64–74.
    Leader PJ, Carey GJ, Olsson U, Baral HS, Alström P. 2010. The taxonomic status of Rufous-rumped Grassbird Graminicola bengalensis, with comments on its distribution and status. Forktail, 26: 121–126.
    LeCroy M, Barker FK. 2006. A new species of bush-warbler from Bougainville Island and a monophyletic origin for Southwest Pacific Cettia. Am Mus Novit, 3511: 1–20.
    Leisler B, Heidrich P, Schulze-Hagen K, Wink M. 1997. Taxonomy and phylogeny of reed warblers (genus Acrocephalus) based on mtDNA sequences and morphology. J Ornithol, 138: 469–496.
    Lewis PO, Holder MT, Holsinger KE. 2005. Polytomies and Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Syst Biol, 54: 241–253.
    Li SH, Li JW, Han LX, Yao CT, Shi HT, Lei FM, Yen CW. 2006. Species delimitation in the Hwamei Garrulax canorus. Ibis, 148: 698–706.
    Li SH, Yeung CKL, Feinstein J, Han LX, Le MH, Wang CX, Ding P. 2009. Sailing through the Late Pleistocene: unusual historical demography of an East Asian endemic, the Chinese Hwamei (Leucodioptron canorum canorum), during the last glacial Period. Mol Ecol, 18: 622–633.
    Liu X, Ding Z, Fang W, Lin W, Cai M, Yan C. 2010. The Avifauna of Taiwan. Taiwan Forestry Bureau, Taipei. (in Chinese)
    Loskot VM. 2001. Taxonomic revision of the Hume's Whitethroat Sylvia althaea Hume, 1878. Avian Ecol Behav, 6: 41–42.
    Loskot VM. 2005. Morphological variation and taxonomic revision of five south-eastern subspecies of Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca (L. ) (Aves: Sylviidae). Zool Mededelingen Leiden, 79: 157–165.
    Luo X, Qu YH, Han LX, Li SH, Lei FM. 2009. A phylogenetic analysis of laughingthrushes (Timaliidae: Garrulax) and allies based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Zool Scr, 38: 9–22.
    Macdonald JD. 1952a. Notes on the Long-bill Lark Certhilauda curvirostris. Ibis, 94: 122–127.
    Macdonald JD. 1952b. Notes on the taxonomy of the clapper larks of South Africa. Ibis, 94: 629–635.
    Macdonald JD. 1953. Taxonomy of the Karoo and Red-back Larks of western South Africa. Bull Br Mus Nat Hist Zool, 1: 319–350.
    Mackworth-Praed CW, Grant CHB. 1941. A survey of the African species placed in the genus Bradypterus. Ibis, 83: 441–455.
    Maclean GL. 1969. South African Lark genera. Cimbebasia A, 1: 79–94.
    Marks BD. 2010. Are lowland rainforests really evolutionary museums? Phylogeography of the green hylia (Hylia prasina) in the Afrotropics. Mol Phylogen Evol, 55: 178–184.
    Martens J, Eck S, Päckert M, Sun Y-H. 1999. The Golden-spectacled Warbler Seicercus burkii – a species swarm (Aves: Passeriformes: Sylviidae), part 1. Zool Abhandl Mus Dresden, 50: 281–327.
    Martens J, Steil B. 1997. Reviergesänge und Speziesdifferenzierung in der Klappergrasmücken-Gruppe Sylvia[curruca]. J Ornithol, 138: 1–23.
    Martens J, Sun Y-H, Päckert M. 2008. Intraspecific differentiation of Sino-Himalayan bush-dwelling Phylloscopus leaf warblers, with description of two new taxa. Vert Zool, 58: 233–265.
    Martens J, Tietze DT, Eck S, Veith M. 2004. Radiation and species limits in the Asian Pallas's warbler complex (Phylloscopus proregulus s. l. ). J Ornithol, 145: 206–222.
    Martens J. 1988. Phylloscopus borealoides Portenko — ein verkannter Laubsänger der Ost-Paläarktis. J Ornithol, 129: 343–351.
    Martens J. 2010. A preliminary review of the leaf warbler genera Phylloscopus and Seicercus. Br Orn Club Occas Publs, 5: 41–116.
    Mayr E, Amadon D. 1951. A classification of recent birds. Amer Mus Novitat, 1496: 1–42.
    Mayr E, Bond J. 1943. Notes on the generic classification of the swallows Hirundinidae. Ibis, 85: 334–341.
    Mayr E, Greenway Jr JC. 1960. Check-list of Birds of the World, Vol. IX. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA.
    Mayr E. 1948. Geographic variation in the Reed-Warbler. Emu, 47: 205–210.
    Meinertzhagen R. 1951. A review of the Alaudidae. Proc Zool Soc Lond, 121: 81–132.
    Milá B, Warren BH, Heeb P, Thébaud C. 2010. The geographic scale of diversification on islands: genetic and morphological divergence at a very small spatial scale in the Mascarene grey white-eye (Aves: Zosterops borbonicus). BMC Evol Biol, 10: 158.
    Morioka H, Shigeta Y. 1993. Generic allocation of the Japanese Marsh Warbler Megalurus pryeri (Aves: Sylviidae). Bull Nat Sci Mus Tokyo A, 19: 37–43. (in Japanese)
    Morony JJ, Bock WJ, Farrand J. 1975. Reference List of the Birds of the World. American Museum of Natural History, New York.
    Moyle RG, Andersen MJ, Oliveros CH, Steinheimer F, Reddy S. 2012. Phylogeny and biogeography of the core babblers (Aves: Timaliidae). Syst Biol, 61: 631–651
    Moyle RG, Filardi CE, Smith CE, Diamond JM. 2009. Explosive Pleistocene diversification and hemispheric expansion of a "great speciator". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106: 1863–1868.
    Moyle RG, Marks BD. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of the bulbuls (Aves: Pycnonotidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 40: 687–695.
    Moyle RG, Slikas B, Whittingham LA, Winkler DW, Sheldon FH. 2008. DNA sequence assessment of phylogenetic relationships among New World martins (Hirundinidae: Progne). Wilson J Ornithol, 120: 683–691.
    Nguembock B, Cruaud C, Denys C. 2012. A large evaluation of passerine cisticolids (Aves: Passeriformes): more about their phylogeny and diversification. Open Ornithol J, 5: 42–56.
    Nguembock B, Fjeldså J, Couloux A, Cruaud C, Pasquet E. 2008. Polyphyly of the genus Apalis and a new generic name for the species pulchra and ruwenzorii. Ibis, 150: 756–765.
    Nguembock B, Fjeldså J, Tillier A, Pasquet E. 2007. A phylogeny for the Cisticolidae (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, and a re-interpretation of a unique nest-building specialization. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 42: 272–286.
    Oatley G, Bowie RCK, Crowe TM. 2011. The use of subspecies in the systematics of southern African white-eyes: historical entities or eco-geographic variants. J Zool, 284: 21–30.
    Oatley G, Voelker G, Crowe TM, Bowie RC. 2012. A multi-locus phylogeny reveals a complex pattern of diversification related to climate and habitat heterogeneity in southern African white-eyes. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 64: 633–644.
    Oliveros CH, Moyle RG. 2010. Origin and diversification of Philippine bulbuls. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 54: 822–832.
    Oliveros CH, Reddy S, Moyle RG. 2012. The phylogenetic position of some Philippine "babblers" spans the muscicapoid and sylvioid bird radiations. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 65: 799–804.
    Olsson U, Alström P, Colston PR. 1993. A new species of Phylloscopus warbler from Hainan Island, China. Ibis, 135: 2–7.
    Olsson U, Alström P, Ericson PGP, Sundberg P. 2005. Nonmonophyletic taxa and cryptic species – evidence from a molecular phylogeny of leaf-warblers (Phylloscopus, Aves). Mol Phylogenet Evol, 36: 261–276.
    Olsson U, Alström P, Gelang M, Ericson PGP, Sundberg P. 2006. Phylogeography of Indonesian and Sino-Himalayan region bush warblers (Cettia, Aves). Mol Phylogenet Evol, 41: 556–565.
    Olsson U, Alström P, Sundberg P. 2004. Non-monophyly of the avian genus Seicercus (Aves: Sylviidae) revealed by mitochondrial DNA. Zool Scr, 33: 501–510.
    Olsson U, Irestedt M, Sangster G, Ericson PGP, Alström P. 2013a. Systematic revision of the avian family Cisticolidae based on a multi-locus phylogeny of all genera. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 66: 790–799.
    Olsson U, Leader PJ, Carey GJ, Khan AA, Svensson L, Alström P. 2013b. New insights into the intricate taxonomy and phylogeny of the Sylvia curruca complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 67: 72–85.
    Ottosson U, Bensch S, Svensson L, Waldenström J. 2005. Differentiation and phylogeny of the olivaceous warbler Hippolais pallida species complex. J Ornithol, 146: 127–136.
    Päckert M, Blume C, Sun Y-H, Liang W, Martens J. 2009. Acoustic differentiation reflects mitochondrial lineages in Blyth's leaf warbler and white-tailed leaf warbler complexes (Aves: Phylloscopus reguloides, Phylloscopus davisoni). Biol J Linn Soc, 96: 584–600.
    Päckert M, Martens J, Liang W, Hsu Y-L, Sun Y-H. 2012. Molecular genetic and bioacoustic differentiation of Pnoepyga WrenBabblers. J Ornithol, 154: 329–337.
    Päckert M, Martens J, Sun Y-H, Veith M. 2004. The radiation of the Seicercus burkii complex and its congeners (Aves: Sylviidae): molecular genetics and bioacoustics. Org Div Evol, 4: 341–364.
    Päckert M, Martens J, Sun Y-H. 2010. Phylogeny of long-tailed tits and allies inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers (Aves: Passeriformes, Aegithalidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol, 55: 952–967.
    Parkin DT, Collinson M, Helbig AJ, Knox AG, Sangster G, Svensson L. 2004. Species limits in Acrocephalus and Hippolais warblers from the Western Palaearctic. Brit Birds, 97: 276–299.
    Pasquet E, Bourdon E, Kalyakin MV, Cibois A. 2006. The fulvettas (Alcippe, Timaliidae, Aves): a polyphyletic group. Zool Scr, 35: 559–566.
    Pasquet E, Han L-X, Khobket O, Cibois A. 2001. Towards a molecular systematics of the genus Criniger, and a preliminary phylogeny of the bulbuls (Aves, Passeriformes, Pycnonotidae). Zoosystema, 23: 857–863.
    Pätzold R. 2003. Kompendium der Lerchen Alaudidae. Jan Schimkat Medienpublizistik, Dresden.
    Pavlova A, Zink RM, Drovetski SV, Rohwer S. 2008. Pleistocene evolution of closely related sand martins Riparia riparia and R. diluta. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 48: 61–73.
    Pearson DJ, Backhurst GC. 1988. Characters and taxonomic position of Basra Reed Warbler. Brit Birds, 81: 171–178.
    Pearson DJ, Kennerley PR, Bensch S. 2008. A second museum specimen of large-billed reed warbler Acrocephalus orinus. Bull Br Ornithol Club, 128: 136–137.
    Penhallurick J. 2010. A correction to Penhallurick & Robson (2009). Forktail, 26: 147–148.
    Penhallurick J, Robson C. 2009. The generic taxonomy of parrotbills (Aves: Timaliidae). Forktail, 25: 137–141.
    Peters JL. 1960a. Family Alaudidae. In: Mayr E, Greenway JC (eds) Check-list of Birds of the World, Vol. IX. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass, pp 3–80.
    Peters JL. 1960b. Family Hirundinidae. In: Mayr E, Greenway JC (eds) Check-list of Birds of the World, Vol. IX. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass, pp 80–129.
    Pratt HD, Bruner PL, Berrett DG. 1987. The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    Rand A L, Deignan HG. 1960. Family Pycnonotidae. In: Mayr E, Greenway JC (eds) Check-List of Birds of the World, Vol. IX. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, pp 221–300.
    Rappole JH, Renner SC, Nay Myo Shwe, Sweet PR. 2005. A new species of scimitar-babbler (Timaliidae: Jabouilleia) from the sub-Himalayan region of Myanmar. Auk, 122: 1064–1069.
    Rasmussen PC, Anderton JC. 2005. Birds of South Asia: the Ripley Guide, First Ed. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
    Rasmussen PC, Anderton JC. 2012. Birds of South Asia: the Ripley Guide, Second Ed. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
    Rasmussen PC, Round PD, Dickinson EC, Lambert FG. 2000. A new bush-warbler (Sylviidae, Bradypterus) from Taiwan. Auk, 117: 279–289.
    Rasmussen PC. 2012. Then and now: new developments in Indian systematic ornithology. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc, 109: 3–16.
    Reddy S, Cracraft J. 2007. Old World Shrike-babblers (Pteruthius) belong with the New World Vireos. Vireonidae. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 44: 1352–1357.
    Reddy S, Moyle RG. 2011. Systematics of the scimitar babblers (Pomatorhinus: Timaliidae): phylogeny, biogeography, and species-limits of four species complexes. Biol J Linn Soc, 102: 846–869.
    Reeves AB, Drovetski SV, Fadeev V. 2008. Mitochondrial DNA data imply a stepping-stone colonizaiton of Beringia by arctic warbler Phylloscopus borealis. J Avian Biol, 39: 567–575.
    Reichenow A. 1902–1903. Die Vögel Afrikas. Neudamm (J. Neumann).
    Rheindt FE. 2006. Splits galore: the revolution in Asian leaf warbler systematics. Bird Asia, 5: 25–39.
    Rheindt FE. 2010. New biogeographic records for the avifauna of Taliabu (Sula Islands, Indonesia), with preliminary documentation of two previously undiscovered taxa. Bull Br Ornithol Club, 130: 33–51.
    Richman AD, Price T. 1992. Evolution of ecological differences in the Old World Leaf Warblers. Nature, 355: 817–821.
    Roberts A. 1940. The Birds of South Africa. HF & G. Witherby, London.
    Rokas A, Carroll SB. 2006. Bushes in the tree of life. PLoS Biol, 4: e352.
    Round PD, Hansson B, Pearson DJ, Kennerley PR, Bensch S. 2007. Lost and found: the enigmatic large-billed reed warbler Acrocephalus orinus rediscovered after 139 years. J Avian Biol, 38: 133–138.
    Rozendaal F. 1987. Description of a new species of bush warbler of the genus Cettia Bonaparte, 1834 (Aves: Sylviidae) from Yamdena, Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia. Zool Mededel, 61: 177–202.
    Ryan PG, Bloomer P. 1997. Geographic variation in Red Lark Certhilauda burra plumage, morphology, song and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Ostrich, 68: 31–36.
    Ryan PG, Bloomer P. 1999. The Long-billed Lark complex: a species mosaic in south-western Africa. Auk, 116: 194–208.
    Ryan PG, Dean WRJ, Madge SC, Pearson DJ. 2006. Family Cisticolidae. In: del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Christie DA (eds). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol 11. Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp 378–491
    Ryan PG, Hood I, Bloomer P, Komen J, Crowe TM. 1998. Barlow's Lark: a new species in the Karoo Lark Certhilauda albescens complex of southwest Africa. Ibis, 140: 605–619.
    Saitoh T, Alström P, Nishiumi I, Shigeta Y, Williams D, Olsson U, Ueda K. 2010. Old divergences in a boreal bird supports longterm survival through the Ice Ages. BMC Evol Biol, 10: 35.
    Saitoh T, Nishiumi I, Alström P, Olsson U, Ueda K. 2006. Deep phylogeographical divergences among far eastern populations of the widespread Arctic Warbler. J Ornithol, 147: 242.
    Saitoh T, Shigeta Y, Ueda K. 2008. Morphological differences among populations of the Arctic Warbler with some intraspecific taxonomic notes. Ornithol Sci, 7: 135–142.
    Salomon M, Bried J, Helbig AJ, Riofrio J. 1997. Morphometric differentiation between male Common Chiffchaffs, Phylloscopus (c. ) collybita Vieillot, 1817, and Iberian Chiffchaffs, P. (c. ) brehmii Homeyer, 1871, in a secondary contact zone (Aves). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 236: 25–36.
    Salomon M, Voisin JF, Bried J. 2003. On the taxonomic status and denomination of the Iberian Chiffchaffs. Ibis, 145: 87–97.
    Salomonsen F. 1929. Bemerkungen über die Gruppe Acrocephalus arundinaceus L. J Ornithol, 77: 267–281.
    Schönwetter M. 1979. Handbuch der Oologie. Band Ⅱ. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin.
    Sclater WL. 1930. Systema Avium Aethiopicarum. British Ornithologists' Union, London
    Sefc KM, Payne RB, Sorenson MD. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of African sunbird-like warblers: Moho (Hypergerus atriceps), Green Hylia (Hylia prasina) and Tit-hylia (Pholidornis rushiae). Ostrich, 74: 8–17.
    Sheldon FH, Gill FB. 1996. A reconsideration of songbird phylogeny, with emphasis on the evolution of titmice and their sylvioid relatives. Syst Biol, 45: 473–495.
    Sheldon FH, Oliveros CH, Taylor SS, McKay B, Lim HC, Rahman MA, Mays H, Moyle RG. 2012. Molecular phylogeny and insular biogeography of the lowland tailorbirds of Southeast Asia (Cisticolidae: Orthotomus). Mol Phylogenet Evol, 65: 54–63.
    Sheldon FH, Whittingham LA, Moyle RG, Slikas B, Winkler DW. 2005. Phylogeny of swallows (Aves: Hirundinidae) estimated from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 35: 254–270.
    Sheldon FH, Winkler DW. 1993. Intergeneric phylogenetic relationships estimated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Auk, 110: 798–824.
    Shirihai H, Gargallo G, Helbig AJ. 2001. Sylvia warblers. Identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Sylvia. Christopher Helm, London.
    Sibley CG, Ahlquist JE. 1990. Phylogeny and ClassiWcation of Birds. A Study in Molecular Evolution. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
    Sibley CG, Monroe Jr BL. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven.
    Sibley CG, Monroe Jr BL. 1993. A Supplement to Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven.
    Silva-Iturriza A, Ketmaier V, Tiedemann R. 2010. Mitochondrial DNA suggests multiple colonizations of central Philippine islands (Boracay, Negros) by the sedentary Philippine bulbul Hypsipetes philippinus guimarasensis (Aves). J Zool Syst Evol Res, 48: 269–278.
    Song G, Qu Y, Yin Z, Li S, Liu N, Lei F. 2009. Phylogeography of the Alcippe morrisonia (Aves: Timaliidae): long population history beyond late Pleistocene glaciations. BMC Evol Biol, 9: 143.
    Spellman GM, Cibois A, Moyle RG, Winker K, Barker FK. 2008. Clarifying the systematics of an enigmatic avian lineage: What is a Bombycillid? Mol Phylogenet Evol, 49: 1036–1040.
    Spicer GS, Dunipace L. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of songbirds (Passeriformes) inferred from mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 30: 325–335.
    Stepanyan LS. 1990. Konspekt ornitologicheskoy fauny SSSR. Nauka, Moscow.
    Stresemann E, Arnold J. 1949. Speciation in the group of Great Reed-Warblers. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc, 48: 428–443.
    Svensson L, Prys-Jones R, Rasmussen PC, Olsson U. 2008. Discovery of ten new specimens of large billed reed warbler Acrocephalus orinus, and new insights into its distributional range. J Avian Biol, 39: 605–610.
    Svensson L, Prys-Jones R, Rasmussen PC, Olsson U. 2010. The identification and distribution of the enigmatic Large-billed Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orinus. Ibis, 152: 323–334.
    Svensson L. 2001. Identification of western and eastern olivaceous, booted and Sykes's warblers. Bird World, 14: 192–219.
    Tieleman BI, Williams JB, Bloomer P. 2003. Adaptation of metabolism and evaporative water loss along an aridity gradient. Proc Roy Soc Lond B, 270: 207–214.
    Timmins RJ, Ostrowski S, Mostafawi N, Noori H, Rajabi AM, Svensson L, Olsson U, Poole CM. 2010. New information on the Large-billed Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orinus, including its song and breeding habitat in north-eastern Afghanistan. Forktail, 26: 9–23.
    Trainor CR, Verbelen F, Hoste S. 2012. Rediscovery of the Timor Bush-warbler Locustella (Bradypterus) timorensis on Alor and Timor, Wallacea: clarifying taxonomic affinities, defining habitat and survey recommendations. Bird Conserv Int, 22: 354–369.
    Treplin S, Siegert R, Bleidorn C, Shokellu Thompson H, Fotso R, Tiedemann R. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of songbirds (Aves: Passeriformes) and the relative utility of common nuclear marker loci. Cladistics, 24: 328–349.
    Turner A. 2004. Family Hirundinidae (swallows and martins). In: Del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Christie D (eds) The Birds of the World, Vol. 9, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain, pp 602–685
    Vaurie C. 1951. A study of Asiatic larks. Notes from the Walter Koelz collections number 11. Bull AMNH, 97: 435–526.
    Vaurie C. 1954. Systematic Notes on Palearctic birds. No. 7. Alaudidae and Motacillidae (genus Anthus). Amer Mus Novit, 1672: 1–13.
    Vaurie C. 1959. The Birds of the Palearctic Fauna. Passeriformes. Witherby, London.
    Verbelen F, Trainor CR. 2012. Rediscovery of the Timor Bush Warbler Locustella (Bradypterus) timorensis on Alor and Timor, Wallacea, Indonesia. Bird Asia, 17: 47–48.
    Verheyen R. 1958. Contribution a l'anatomie de base et la systematique des Alaudidae (Passeriformes). Alauda, 26: 1–25.
    Voelker G, Light JE. 2011. Palaeoclimatic events, dispersal and migratory losses along the Afro-European axis as drivers of biogeographic distribution in Sylvia warblers. BMC Evol Biol, 11: 163.
    Voelker G, Melo M, Bowie RCK. 2009. A Gulf of Guinea island endemic is a member of a Mediterranean-centered bird genus. Ibis, 151: 580–583.
    Voelker G, Spellman GM. 2003. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA evidence of polyphyly in the avian superfamily Muscicapoidea. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 30: 386–394.
    Voous KH. 1977. List of Recent Holarctic Bird Species, Second Ed. British Ornithologists' Union, London.
    Warren BH, Bermingham E, Prys-Jones RP, Thebaud C. 2005. Tracking island colonization history and phenotypic shifts in Indian Ocean bulbuls (Hypsipetes: Pycnonotidae). Biol J Linn Soc, 85: 271–287.
    Warren BH, Bermingham E, Prys-Jones RP, Thébaud C. 2006. Immigration, species radiation and extinction in a highly diverse songbird lineage: white-eyes on Indian Ocean islands. Mol Ecol, 15: 3769–3786.
    Watson GE, Traylor MA, Jr Mayr E. 1986. In: Mayr E, Cottrell GW (eds) Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
    Whittingham LA, Slikas B, Winkler DW, Sheldon FH. 2002. Phylogeny of the tree swallow genus, Tachycineta (Aves: Hirundinidae), by Bayesian analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 22: 430–441.
    Williamson K. 1968. Identification for Ringers. The genera Cettia, Locustella, Acrocephalus and Hippolais, Third Ed. British Trust for Ornithology, Tring.
    Winkler DW, Sheldon FH. 1993. The evolution of nest construction in swallows (Hirundinidae): a molecular phylogenetic perspective. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 90: 5705–5707.
    Winterbottom JM. 1957. The problem of status of the Dusky Bush Lark Mirafra nigricans. Ostrich, 28: 240–241.
    Wolters HE. 1979. Die Vogelarten der Erde. Paul Parey, Hamburg and Berlin.
    Wolters HE. 1982. Die Vogelarten der Erde. 7. Lieferung Paul Parey, Hamburg and Berlin.
    Yeung CKL, Lei F, Yang X, Han L, Lin M, Li SH. 2006. Molecular phylogeny of parrotbills. Paper presented at the 24th International Ornithological Congress of 2006, Hamburg, Germany. Abstract J Orn, 147(Suppl. 1): 87–88.
    Yeung CKL, Lin R-C, Lei F, Robson C, Hung LM, Liang W, Zhou F, Han L, Li S-H, Yang X. 2011. Beyond a morphological paradox: complicated phylogenetic relationships of the parrotbills (Paradoxornithidae, Aves). Mol Phylogenet Evol, 61: 192–202.
    Zahavi A. 1957. The breeding birds of the Huleh swamp and lake (northern Israel). Ibis, 99: 606.
    Zhang S, Yang L, Yang X, Yang J. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of the yuhinas (Sylviidae: Yuhina): a paraphyletic group of babblers including Zosterops and Philippine Stachyris. J Ornithol, 148: 417–426
    Zhou F, Jiang AW. 2008. A new species of babbler (Timaliidae: Stachyris) from the Sino-Vietnamese border region of China. Auk, 125: 420–424.
    Zink RM, Pavlova A, Drovetski S, Rohwer S. 2008. Mitochondrial phylogeographies of five widespread Eurasian bird species. J Ornithol, 149: 399–413.
    Zink RM, Pavlova A, Rohwer S, Drovetski SV. 2006. Barn swallows before barns: population histories and intercontinental colonization. Proc R Soc London B, 273: 1245–1252.
    Zou F, Lim HC, Marks BD, Moyle RG, Sheldon FH. 2007. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Grey-cheeked Fulvetta (Alcippe morrisonia) of China and Indochina: A case of remarkable genetic divergence in a "species". Mol Phylogenet Evol, 44: 165–174.
    Zuccon D, Ericson PGP. 2010. The phylogenetic position of the Black-collared Bulbul Neolestes torquatus. Ibis, 152(2): 386–392.
    • Related Articles

  • Related Articles

    Chen Yang, Siheng Chen, Tianpei Guan. 2025: Does wetland degradation impact bird diversity differently across seasons? A case study of Zoige Alpine Wetland ecosystem. Avian Research, 16(1): 100227. DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100227
    Dilshod Akhrorov, Tianlong Cai, Gang Song, Ping Fan, Ahunim Fenitie Abebe, Peng He, Fumin Lei. 2022: Ecological constraints on elevational gradients of bird species richness in Tajikistan. Avian Research, 13(1): 100026. DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100026
    Aichun Xu, Maojun Zhong, Ke Tang, Xiaoyi Wang, Chen Yang, Haigen Xu, Jianfeng Yi, Wei Liu, Chunlan Zhang, Junhua Hu. 2021: Multidimensional diversity of bird communities across spatial variation of land cover in Zoige on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Avian Research, 12(1): 25. DOI: 10.1186/s40657-021-00259-4
    Xueru Yang, Xinwei Tan, Chuanwu Chen, Yanping Wang. 2020: The influence of urban park characteristics on bird diversity in Nanjing, China. Avian Research, 11(1): 45. DOI: 10.1186/s40657-020-00234-5
    Cecilia Odette Carral-Murrieta, Michelle García-Arroyo, Oscar H. Marín-Gómez, J. Roberto Sosa-López, Ian MacGregor-Fors. 2020: Noisy environments: untangling the role of anthropogenic noise on bird species richness in a Neotropical city. Avian Research, 11(1): 32. DOI: 10.1186/s40657-020-00218-5
    Naresh Pandey, Laxman Khanal, Mukesh Kumar Chalise. 2020: Correlates of avifaunal diversity along the elevational gradient of Mardi Himal in Annapurna Conservation Area, Central Nepal. Avian Research, 11(1): 31. DOI: 10.1186/s40657-020-00217-6
    Lucas M. Leveau, Adriana Ruggiero, Thomas J. Matthews, M. Isabel Bellocq. 2019: A global consistent positive effect of urban green area size on bird richness. Avian Research, 10(1): 30. DOI: 10.1186/s40657-019-0168-3
    Xingcheng He, Xiaoyi Wang, Shane DuBay, Andrew Hart Reeve, Per Alström, Jianghong Ran, Qiao Liu, Yongjie Wu. 2019: Elevational patterns of bird species richness on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga, Sichuan Province, China. Avian Research, 10(1): 1. DOI: 10.1186/s40657-018-0140-7
    Jin-Ming Zhao, Li-Zhi Zhou. 2018: Area, isolation, disturbance and age effects on species richness of summer waterbirds in post-mining subsidence lakes, Anhui, China. Avian Research, 9(1): 8. DOI: 10.1186/s40657-018-0101-1
    Peng LI, Ping DING, Kenneth J. FEELEY, Jingcheng ZHANG, Pingping JIANG. 2010: Patterns of species diversity and functional diversity of breeding birds in Hangzhou across an urbanization gradient. Avian Research, 1(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.5122/cbirds.2009.0020

Catalog

    Figures(7)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article has an altmetric score of 8
    Article has an altmetric score of 8
    Article views (5817) PDF downloads (3390) Cited by()
    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd.   Technical support: info@rhhz.net

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return