Summary results for cross-fostering experiments in Russet Sparrows. Russet sparrows on Y-axis refer to host nestlings in mixed groups with parasite species above, respectively. Species with solid lines or without lines below indicate that they succeeded or failed to fledge, respectively. Species with dashed lines indicate that both circumstances (success or failure) exist
Figures of the Article
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Feeding frequency of nestlings in the mixed (a) and cuckoo/foreign (b) groups of cross-fostering experiments. Each dot refers to the average feeding frequency per chick per hour of parasite or host in each observed nest
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Chick rejection behavior in Russet Sparrows. a Russet Sparrow nest with two bunting chicks (indicated by black arrows) and 2 Russet Sparrow chicks (between the two bunting chicks). b Russet Sparrow parents returned to the nest and started to hold a bunting chick in its beak. c Russet Sparrow parents ejected the bunting chick
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Summary results for cross-fostering experiments in Russet Sparrows. Russet sparrows on Y-axis refer to host nestlings in mixed groups with parasite species above, respectively. Species with solid lines or without lines below indicate that they succeeded or failed to fledge, respectively. Species with dashed lines indicate that both circumstances (success or failure) exist
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